Electrically Adaptive and Shape-Changeable Invertible Microlens

Bae, Jin-Woo; Choi, Dong-Soo; Yun, In-Ho; Han, Dong-Heon; Oh, Sea Cheon; Kim, Tae-Hoon; Cho, Jeong Ho; Liu, Lin; Kim, Sang-Youn

doi:10.1021/acsami.0c21497

Cited by 14 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…In addition, the performance of the microlens showed a lower driving voltage than that in our previous study. [20] The theoretical focal length was calculated from the lens maker equation using the measured radius of curvature of the microlens for comparison (see Experimental Section). As shown in Figure 3b (red open circle), the focal lengths were calculated as 4.9, 6.3, 9.4, 14.2, and 33.6 mm at 0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 V, respectively.…”

Section: Optical Performance Of Microlens Under An Applied Input Voltagementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although a high input voltage induces an increase in the response time, the response time of the electro-reconfigurable adaptive PVC-gel-based microlens from a convex shape of 0 V to a concave shape of 300 V is shorter than that of the previous PVC gel lens. [20] Fast response speeds show the possibility of image stabilization in combination with focal point control.…”

Section: Optical Performance Of Microlens Under An Applied Input Voltagementioning

confidence: 99%

“…[19] In addition, Bae et al showed a biconvex lens which was electrically shape-changeable and invertible with two electrode layers. The focal length variation of the biconvex lens yields +31.8 to −11.3 mm at 400 V. [20] Although the electroactive adaptive lenses using PVC gels show variable focal length variation at a relatively low input voltage than that using external DEAs, it is still difficult to adjust the focal point toward various directions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electro‐Reconfigurable Adaptive Microlens with Simultaneous Multidirectional Focal Adjustment and Zooming

Yoon

Han

et al. 2023

Adv Materials Technologies

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Electrically reconfigurable lenses capable of focal adjustment and zooming require deformable adaptive optical components. However, existing electroactive optical devices that perform these functions are limited by fluid leakage or require complex mechanical parts. Although polyvinyl chloride (PVC) gel‐based lenses with variable focal lengths and zooming have recently been developed, focal adjustment can only be made in the horizontal axis. Herein, a PVC gel‐based adaptive microlens capable of controlling the focal length and focal point simultaneously in the vertical, horizontal, and diagonal directions without mechanical gears or liquid leakage is presented. By optimizing the characteristics of PVC gels plasticized with three different structured plasticizers, a PVC gel‐based adaptive microlens is fabricated. The produced microlens demonstrates the properties of multidirectional focal adjustment, variable focal length (+33.7 to −15.1 mm) at low input voltages (<300 V), excellent transparency (>90%), fast response (0.10 s at 100 V), silent operation, low power consumption (0.39 mW), and excellent potential for further miniaturization.

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Section: Optical Performance Of Microlens Under An Applied Input Voltagementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Optical Performance Of Microlens Under An Applied Input Voltagementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electro‐Reconfigurable Adaptive Microlens with Simultaneous Multidirectional Focal Adjustment and Zooming

Yoon

Han

et al. 2023

Adv Materials Technologies

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“…Tunable microlens and microlens arrays (MLAs) have attracted increasing interest in the fields of miniaturized optical systems , and optical sensing − owing to their unique properties, such as small size and adjustable focal length. In particular, tunable microlens and MLAs are suitable for biological applications, − including biochemical analysis, − cell imaging, , and cell detection. , For instance, tunable microlens chips have been applied to real-time salinity measurement and analysis of urine specific gravity .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Optofluidic Imaging System Integrated with Tunable Microlens Arrays

Zhong

Wen

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Optofluidic tunable microlens arrays (MLAs) can manipulate and control light propagation using fluids. Lately, their applicability to miniature lab-on-a-chip systems is being extensively researched. However, it is difficult to incorporate 3D MLAs directly in a narrow microfluidic channel using common techniques. This has resulted in limited research on variable focal length imaging with optofluidic 3D MLAs. In this paper, we propose a method for fabricating MLAs in polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-based microchannels via electrohydrodynamic jet (E-jet) printing to achieve optofluidic tunable MLAs. Using this method, MLAs of diameters 15 to 80 μm can be fabricated in microfluidic channels with widths of 200 and 300 μm. By alternately using solutions with different refractive indices in the microchannel, the optofluidic microlenses exhibit reversible modulation properties while retaining the morphologies and refractive indices of the microlenses. The focal length of the resulting optofluidic chip can have threefold tunability, thereby achieving an imaging depth of approximately 450 μm. This outstanding advantage is useful in observing microspheres and cells flowing in the microfluidic system. Thus, the proposed optofluidic chip exhibits great potential for cell counting and imaging applications.

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“…Poly (vinyl chloride) gel (PVC gel) has been studied as an attractive electroactive material for focus-tuneable lenses without any leakage of liquid, gravity effect, or complex mechanical structures [11][12][13]. Under voltage input, dipoles in the PVC gel move to the anode by dragging the PVC chains, which causes deformation of the PVC gel.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testing and evaluation of electro- vari-focal/chromic lens

Kim¹,

Kim²,

Choi³

et al. 2021

Smart Mater. Struct.

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Constructing a compact, simple, lightweight, and universal tuneable lens is challenging. Therefore, this paper suggests a miniature electro-focus/chromic tuneable lens whose focal point and optical transmittance are independently controlled by electric power. The proposed lens uses plasticized poly (vinyl chloride) and electrochromic gels to change its curvature and its brightness according to various electric powers. Due to this effect, we can observe not only the variation of the lens's focal point but also the change of its transmittance. Moreover, as we removed the electric power, the shape of the proposed lens and its transmittance returned back to the initial condition. Through experimentation, the focal length of the proposed lens increased from 5 mm to 14.234 mm when the electric field input was increased, and the transmittance varied from 91.85% to 3.86% with increasing in electric current.

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Electrically Adaptive and Shape-Changeable Invertible Microlens

Cited by 14 publications

References 49 publications

Electro‐Reconfigurable Adaptive Microlens with Simultaneous Multidirectional Focal Adjustment and Zooming

Electro‐Reconfigurable Adaptive Microlens with Simultaneous Multidirectional Focal Adjustment and Zooming

Novel Optofluidic Imaging System Integrated with Tunable Microlens Arrays

Testing and evaluation of electro- vari-focal/chromic lens

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