Electrically conducting polymers: a review of the electropolymerization reaction, of the effects of chemical structure on polymer film properties, and of applications towards technology

Abstract

. 64, 76 (1986). The electrochemical oxidation of aromatic heterocyclic compounds thiophene, pyrrole, and indole and benzenoid and nonbenzenoid polycyclic hydrocarbons azulene, fluorene, and pyrene yield electrically conducting polymers with conductivities of 10-5-10 S/cm. The presence of substituents affects the electrical conductivity of these films and also their electroactive properties. Furthermore, substituents determine whether electropolymerization of these compounds can occur or whether soluble products are formed. The relative importance of these pathways is dependent on the stability of the intermediate radical cation. These effects are investigated by INDO molecular orbital calculations.

Detection of Secondhand Cigarette Smoke via Nicotine Using Conductive Polymer Films

“…Thin film materials can optimize the density and availability of protonated receptor sites, minimize the diffusion distance necessary for the nicotine to travel during binding events, and increase the responsivity of the sensor when the reporting electrode lies beneath the film, as in this research. The various techniques for creating these thin films include electropolymerization (Waltman & Bargon, 1986), spin casting (Psuja, 2007;Yokota, Kitaoka, & Wariishi, 2007), and laser deposition (Chrisey et al, 2003;Frycek et al, 2006). Measurement using conductive polymer films can be performed either by coating the surface of an electrode with the doped polymer and measuring electrical changes with reference to a redox electrode or by making a true planar chemiresistive structure.…”

Development of polyaniline microarray electrodes for cadmium analysis

“…Polymer films, and particularly those based on substituted aromatic compounds, such as aniline, present interesting characteristics, namely high conductivity, stability, durability, and reproducibility associated with low costs (Bhadra et al, 2009;Casella & Guascito, 1997;Gornall et al, 2009;Grennan et al, 2006;Huang et al, 2002Huang et al, , 2003Šeděnková et al, 2008;Shan et al, 2008;Trashin et al, 2009;Waltman & Bargon, 1986;Yin et al, 2006). Their main drawback is related to their preparation which involves handling of the respective monomers which are potentially hazardous materials.…”

Artificial muscles based on conducting polymers

“…[6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. The electronic conductivity in conjugated polymers is due to the ease of electronic jumps between chains.…”