This work focuses on the elaboration and characterization of conducting polymer composites based on polyaniline (PANI) dispersed in an epoxy resin (ER) matrix and cured using an anhydride without a catalyst. PANI-doped benzene sulfonic acid was successfully synthesized in this manner and used as conducting filler. The effect of heating rate and PANI loading level on the curing process was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry in the dynamic mode. Furthermore, the phase structure, viscoelastic behavior and hardness of the composites were explored by dynamic mechanical thermal analysis and Vickers tests. The structure and morphology of the samples were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, which revealed behavior that varied as a function of the concentration of PANI in the composites. Dielectric properties were investigated up to 1 MHz. The electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of the composites was measured in the microwave band from 8 to 18 GHz. It was found that the electrical properties of PANI were influenced by elevated curing temperature of the ER, a variable that significantly affected the composite characteristics. In addition, the dielectric properties, curing parameters, viscoelasticites and electromagnetic behaviors of the composites were affecting by increasing the concentration of PANI filler in the matrix.