Electrically conductive kraft lignin-based carbon filler for polymers

Gindl‐Altmutter, Wolfgang; Fürst, Christian; Mahendran, Arunjunai Raj; Obersriebnig, Michael; Emsenhuber, Gerhard; Kluge, Marcel; Veigel, Stefan; Keckes, Jozef; Liebner, Falk

doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2015.03.042

Cited by 24 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…As shown in Figure 3, sub-micron lignin carbon showed significantly less conductivity than that derived from Indulin AT. While the latter showed conductivity in a range comparable to earlier results with lignin-derived carbon [42,43,44], sub-micron lignin carbon clearly showed poor performance. In this context, however, it has to be considered that the density of both carbon powders was significantly different during this experiment.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 81%

“…Electrically conducting carbon may be used to endow a polymeric matrix with strain-sensing capability [44]. For this purpose, the matrix is filled with conducting filler at a content above the electric percolation threshold [60].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lignin-derived and electrically conductive carbon has been discussed recently [42,43,44]. It has been demonstrated that, compared to fossil-based carbon black, moderate electrical conductivity may be obtained.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electrically-Conductive Sub-Micron Carbon Particles from Lignin: Elucidation of Nanostructure and Use as Filler in Cellulose Nanopapers

et al. 2018

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Carbon particles were produced from kraft lignin through carbonization of perfectly spherical, sub-micron beads obtained by aerosol flow. The structure of the resulting carbon particles was elucidated and compared to that derived from commercially available technical lignin powder, which is undefined in geometry. In addition to the smaller diameters of the lignin beads (<1 µm) compared to those of the lignin powder (100 µm), the former displayed a slightly higher structural order as revealed by X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. With regard to potential application in composite structures, the sub-micron carbon beads were clearly advantageous as a filler of cellulose nanopapers, which displayed better mechanical performance but with limited electrical conductivity. Compression sensing was achieved for this nanocomposite system.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electrically-Conductive Sub-Micron Carbon Particles from Lignin: Elucidation of Nanostructure and Use as Filler in Cellulose Nanopapers

et al. 2018

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“…18 Polycaprolactone lled with carbonized lignin particles also exhibited an increase in the composite modulus. 31 ENR has a very low modulus; inferior to that of nylon and biocarbon and therefore decrease the modulus of the composites with increasing concentration as it is dispersed in the nylon. The sharp decrease noticed from NB to NBE3 can be attributed to the encapsulation of the biocarbon with ENR.…”

Section: Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of epoxidized natural rubber on the phase structure and toughening behavior of biocarbon reinforced nylon 6 biocomposites

2017

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“…In contrast, the value for a pitch based commercial fiber from Mitsubishi (Pitch K637) was shown to be 10.7 + 3.1GPa [64]. Gind-Altmutter et al [66] performed nanoindentation of carbonized commercial Kraft lignin microparticles at 2000 °C, reported the indentation modulus of 8.2 + 3.04 GPa, higher than the modulus reported in Table 6 for Kraft lignin carbon (4.25 + 0.82GPa) which was carbonized at 900 °C. This can be explained by the higher temperature for carbonization leading to an increase in the graphitic structure causing an increase in crystallinity and modulus.…”

Section: Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 94%

Superior plant based carbon fibers from electrospun poly-(caffeyl alcohol) lignin

Nar

Rizvi

Dixon

et al. 2016

Carbon

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Plant-sourced carbon has a valuable impact on zero carbon footprint materials for automotive, aerospace, water filtration and other applications. A new lignin, poly-(caffeyl alcohol) (PCFA, also known as C-lignin), has recently been discovered in the seeds of the vanilla orchid (Vanilla planifolia). In contrast to all known lignins which comprise of polyaromatic networks, the PCFA lignin is a linear polymer derived almost totally from caffeyl alcohol monomers linked head to tail into benzodioxane chains via the "endwise" radical coupling reactions that typify lignification. In this paper we investigate carbon fiber formed from this linear C-lignin and compare it to a Kraft lignin. The PCFA was extracted from and electrospun into fibers without additional modification or blending of polymers. Nanoindentation shows an increase in transverse and axial modulus for PCFA carbon by

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Electrically conductive kraft lignin-based carbon filler for polymers

Cited by 24 publications

References 44 publications

Electrically-Conductive Sub-Micron Carbon Particles from Lignin: Elucidation of Nanostructure and Use as Filler in Cellulose Nanopapers

Electrically-Conductive Sub-Micron Carbon Particles from Lignin: Elucidation of Nanostructure and Use as Filler in Cellulose Nanopapers

Influence of epoxidized natural rubber on the phase structure and toughening behavior of biocarbon reinforced nylon 6 biocomposites

Superior plant based carbon fibers from electrospun poly-(caffeyl alcohol) lignin

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