Electrically conductive polymer composite containing hybrid graphene nanoplatelets and carbon nanotubes: synergistic effect and tunable conductivity anisotropy

Abstract

Pristine carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and functionalized carbon nanotubes (f-CNTs) were introduced into conductive poly(methyl methacrylate)/graphene nanoplatelet (PMMA/GNP) composites to achieve a synergistic effect in the enhancement of the conductivity and the reduction in the percolation threshold by forming a 3-Dimensional(3-D) hybrid structure. Both the in-plane and perpendicular electrical properties were investigated. The synergies of hybrid fillers in the in-plane direction were more dependent on the total filler loading, while those in the perpendicular direction were significantly influenced by the GNP/CNT or GNP/f-CNT ratios. Typically, a schematic diagram of the evolution of the 3-D conductive pathways of PMMA/GNP/f-CNT composite at different GNP/f-CNT ratios was presented to explain this phenomenon. Moreover, tunable conductivity anisotropy (defined as the ratio of in-plane conductivity to perpendicular conductivity) ranging from 0.01 to 1000 was achieved, simply by constructing different conductive structures at various filler loadings or ratios in composites. Graphical abstract The synergistic effect of GNPs and f-CNTs varies with the microstructural conductive network evolution at different filler ratios.

Dielectric Properties of Hybrid Polyethylene Composites Containing Cobalt Nanoparticles and Carbon Nanotubes

“…Moreover, the addition of magnetic nanoparticles to composites with carbon nanoinclusions can cause additional electromagnetic shielding due to magnetic losses [ 13 ]. For composites with several nanoparticle types, the synergy effect becomes important, which is the enhancement of composite properties due to interactions of nanoparticles inside the polymer matrix [ 14 , 15 ]. For example, in hybrid composites, the percolation threshold can be substantially lower, while electromagnetic properties are significantly better than in composites with one type inclusions [ 16 ].…”

Green Electrorefining of Crude Lead with High-Quality Deposits in an Additive-Assisted Methanesulfonic Acid System

“…Investigations on the replenishment mechanism of the electrolyte and additives as well as economic estimations of the cost input and output return for crude Pb electrorefining in the Lugalvan BNO12-assisted MSA system are now being performed. The energetic performance and process design of electrorefining would be further improved by low-investment microkinetic modeling. − Preparation of novel electrodes with nano- and polymeric materials will further improve the electrochemical performance of the deposition process. − The continuous drop in price of renewable electricity would further advance electrorefining toward lower-cost operation. Overall, crude Pb electrorefining in the Lugalvan BNO12-assisted MSA system would operate in a more technically and economically beneficial mode once receiving reasonable optimizations of process and condition and hold great potential toward practical application.…”

Enhancement of mechanical properties of styrene‐butadiene rubber composites by carbon black/silicone carbide hybrid filler networking

“…In this regard, the synergy of secondary filler with the primary one through the creation of a more developed filler network structure contributes to the reinforcement of polymer matrixes. It was shown that hybrid filler systems can improve the dispersion state, [8][9][10][11][12] the mechanical, [8,[11][12][13] dynamic, [10,12,14,15] tribological, [10,12,15,16] and also thermal, [17] electrical [18] and electromagnetic wave absorption [19] performance of polymer composites. The driving force behind the formation of a hybrid network and its synergy on the final performance of composites has been the subject of numerous studies in the literature.…”