Electrically Detected Interferometry of Majorana Fermions in a Topological Insulator

Akhmerov, A. R.; Nilsson, Johan; Beenakker, C. W. J.

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.102.216404

Cited by 594 publications

(646 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Many intriguing phenomena such as weak anti‐localization, quantum spin, and anomalous Hall effect have been discovered in TIs 3, 4, 5, 6. The interplay between TIs and magnetism or superconductivity can even lead to the possible realization of magnetic monopoles7 or Majorana fermions 8. Therefore, the study of topological insulators has been one of the recent focuses of condensed matter physics and material science.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetoresistance Anomaly in Topological Kondo Insulator SmB₆ Nanowires with Strong Surface Magnetism

Gan

et al. 2018

Advanced Science

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Topological Kondo insulators (TKIs) are a new class of topological materials in which topological surface states dominate the transport properties at low temperatures. They are also an ideal platform for studying the interplay between strong electron correlations and topological order. Here, hysteretic magnetoresistance (MR) is observed in TKI SmB6 thin nanowires at temperatures up to 8 K, revealing the strong magnetism at the surface of SmB6. It is also found that such MR anomaly exhibits an intriguing finite size effect and only appears in nanowires with diameter smaller than 58 nm. These nontrivial phenomena are discussed in terms of the latest Kondo breakdown model, which incorporates the RKKY magnetic interaction mediated by surface states with the strong electron correlation in SmB6. It would provide new insight into the nature of TKI surface states. Additionally, a non‐monotonically temperature dependent positive magnetoresistance is observed at intermediate temperatures, suggesting the possible impurity‐band conduction in SmB6, other than the surface state transport at low temperatures and the bulk‐band transport at high temperatures.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetoresistance Anomaly in Topological Kondo Insulator SmB₆ Nanowires with Strong Surface Magnetism

Gan

et al. 2018

Advanced Science

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“…Physical realizations of the Kitaev model, and also of Majorana zero-energy bound states, have been pursued experimentally using quantum wires with spin-orbit interactions under magnetic fields, attached to the s-wave superconductor 125 , and also with one-dimensional arrays of magnetic impurities on s-wave superconductors 126 . To truly establish a Majorana bound state, a smoking gun experiment, using a phase-sensitive probe, is still highly desirable 127,128 . Majorana fermions have special quantum statistics, known as non-Abelian statistics, that are described by a braid group, as shown in Fig.…”

Section: Quantum Computingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emergent functions of quantum materials

2017

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Materials can harbour quantum many-body systems, most typically in the form of strongly correlated electrons in solids, that lead to novel and remarkable functions thanks to emergence-collective behaviours that arise from strong interactions among the elements. These include the Mott transition, high-temperature superconductivity, topological superconductivity, colossal magnetoresistance, giant magnetoelectric e ect, and topological insulators. These phenomena will probably be crucial for developing the next-generation quantum technologies that will meet the urgent technological demands for achieving a sustainable and safe society. Dissipationless electronics using topological currents and quantum spins, energy harvesting such as photovoltaics and thermoelectrics, and secure quantum computing and communication are the three major fields of applications working towards this goal. Here, we review the basic principles and the current status of the emergent phenomena and functions in materials from the viewpoint of strong correlation and topology.E mergence is a concept developed for many-body systems, indicating the properties, phenomena, and functions that never appear in the individual elements but are realized only when a huge number of elements get together 1 . Inside materials, emergent phenomena are often seen due to the interaction of electronic states; with recent developments on electronic states in solids schematically summarized in Fig. 1a. Electrons in solids have several degrees of freedom: charge, spin and orbital, and are characterized by the topological nature determined by the atomic potential on the crystal lattice structure, as schematically shown in Fig. 1b. These five attributes are coupled together and determine the overall responses to stimuli, which appear as materials' electrical, magnetic, optical, thermal, and mechanical properties.These collective electrons demonstrate various macroscopic quantum phenomena, the representative example of which is superconductivity. One of the big challenges in condensed matter physics is to increase the temperature (T c ) at which superconductivity can be observed to above room temperature. However, there are many other macroscopic quantum phenomena that are already observable above room temperature. One is magnetism (by the Bohr-van Leeuwen theorem), and the other is ferroelectricity 2,3 . Remarkably, there are common features of these three macroscopic quantum phenomena: the order parameter, which is of quantum origin, behaves as a classical quantity, and the quantum topology plays a crucial role.The topological nature of the electronic states is the key concept in the most recent developments in understanding quantum materials. The quantum Hall effect, topological insulators, and topological superconductors are all characterized by nontrivial topologies in Hilbert space. The Berry phase, which describes the connection and curvature of the subspace of Hilbert space, plays the central role in the unified principle to describe this topological nature 4 . ...

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“…This proximity effect has been proposed as a powerful resource for practical applications in optoelectronics 3 and has been predicted to produce the elusive Majorana fermion 4 by combining a superconductor with a topological insulator (TI) [5][6][7][8][9][10] . These goals have been pursued actively, including the recent demonstrations of novel semiconductor light sources 11 and induced superconductivity in TIs [12][13][14][15][16] such as Bi 2 Se 3 and Bi 2 Te 3 , which have been shown to have topologically protected surface states [17][18][19] .…”

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confidence: 99%

Proximity-induced high-temperature superconductivity in the topological insulators Bi2Se3 and Bi2Te3

et al. 2012

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Interest in the superconducting proximity effect has been reinvigorated recently by novel optoelectronic applications as well as by the possible emergence of the elusive majorana fermion at the interface between topological insulators and superconductors. Here we produce high-temperature superconductivity in Bi 2 se 3 and Bi 2 Te 3 via proximity to Bi 2 sr 2 CaCu 2 o 8 + δ , to access higher temperature and energy scales for this phenomenon. This was achieved by a new mechanical bonding technique that we developed, enabling the fabrication of highquality junctions between materials, unobtainable by conventional approaches. We observe proximity-induced superconductivity in Bi 2 se 3 and Bi 2 Te 3 persisting up to at least 80 K-a temperature an order of magnitude higher than any previous observations. moreover, the induced superconducting gap in our devices reaches values of 10 mV, significantly enhancing the relevant energy scales. our results open new directions for fundamental studies in condensed matter physics and enable a wide range of applications in spintronics and quantum computing.

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Electrically Detected Interferometry of Majorana Fermions in a Topological Insulator

Cited by 594 publications

References 32 publications

Magnetoresistance Anomaly in Topological Kondo Insulator SmB₆ Nanowires with Strong Surface Magnetism

Magnetoresistance Anomaly in Topological Kondo Insulator SmB₆ Nanowires with Strong Surface Magnetism

Emergent functions of quantum materials

Proximity-induced high-temperature superconductivity in the topological insulators Bi2Se3 and Bi2Te3

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Electrically Detected Interferometry of Majorana Fermions in a Topological Insulator

Cited by 594 publications

References 32 publications

Magnetoresistance Anomaly in Topological Kondo Insulator SmB6 Nanowires with Strong Surface Magnetism

Magnetoresistance Anomaly in Topological Kondo Insulator SmB6 Nanowires with Strong Surface Magnetism

Emergent functions of quantum materials

Proximity-induced high-temperature superconductivity in the topological insulators Bi2Se3 and Bi2Te3

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Magnetoresistance Anomaly in Topological Kondo Insulator SmB₆ Nanowires with Strong Surface Magnetism

Magnetoresistance Anomaly in Topological Kondo Insulator SmB₆ Nanowires with Strong Surface Magnetism