Electrically induced affective attack from the hypothalamus of the albino rat

Panksepp, Jaak; Trowill, Jay A.

doi:10.3758/bf03336327

Cited by 16 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…The hypothalamic areas involved in these responses also seem to have a similar role in many different species. These mechanisms have been studied in rats (Adams, Boudreau, Kokonowski, Oberteuffer, & Yohay, 1993; Albert, Nanji, Brayley, & Madryga, 1979; Halász, Liposits, Meelis, et al, 2002; Haller et al 1998; King & Hoebel, 1968; Koolhaas, 1978; Koolhaas & Wiepkema, 1976; Kruk, 1991; Kruk et al, 1979, 1981, 1984, 1998; Lammers, 1988a; Olivier et al, 1990; Panksepp, 1971; Panksepp & Trowill, 1969; Roberts & Nagel, 1996; Roeling, Schuurmans, & Veening, 1993; Vergnes & Karli, 1969, 1970; Woodworth, 1971), golden hamsters (Ferris & Potegal, 1988; Hayden-Hixon & Ferris, 1991), opossums (Adamec, 1990; Roberts, Steinberg, & Means, 1967), cats (Hess, 1928; Hess & Brügger, 1943; Hunsperger, 1956; Katz & Thomas, 1976; Levinson & Flynn, 1965; MacDonnell & Fessock, 1969; Roberts & Bergquist, 1968; Roberts & Kiess, 1964; Siegel et al, 1999; Sledjeski & Flynn, 1972), monkeys (Herndon et al, 1979; Lipp & Hunsperger, 1978), and even domestic fowl (Phillips & Youngren, 1971). Moreover, the same basic principles in hypothalamic behavioral organization seem to apply in these species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Aggression can also be evoked by direct electrical activation of the hypothalamic attack area of the rat (Halász, Liposits, Meelis, Kruk, & Haller, 2002; King & Hoebel, 1968; Koolhaas, 1978; Koolhaas & Wiepkema, 1976; Kruk, 1991; Kruk et al, 1983, 1984, 1998; Kruk, Meelis, Van der Poel, & Mos, 1981; Kruk, Van der Poel, & de Vos-Frerichs, 1979; Lammers, Kruk, Meelis, & Van der Poel, 1988a; Mos et al, 1983; Panksepp, 1971; Panksepp & Trowill, 1969; Roberts & Nagel, 1996; Siegel, Roeling, Gregg, & Kruk, 1999; Vergnes & Karli, 1969, 1970; Woodworth, 1971). Hypothalamic aggression has been used to trace the network involved in the control of aggression (Halász et al, 2002; Roberts & Nagel, 1996; Roeling et al, 1994).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Fast Positive Feedback Between the Adrenocortical Stress Response and a Brain Mechanism Involved in Aggressive Behavior.

Kruk¹,

Halász²,

Meelis³

et al. 2004

Behavioral Neuroscience

191

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Aggressive behavior induces an adrenocortical stress response, and sudden stressors often precipitate violent behavior. Experiments in rats revealed a fast, mutual, positive feedback between the adrenocortical stress response and a brain mechanism controlling aggression. Stimulation of the aggressive area in the hypothalamus rapidly activated the adrenocortical response, even in the absence of an opponent and fighting. Hypothalamic aggression, in turn, was rapidly facilitated by a corticosterone injection in rats in which the natural adrenocortical stress response was prevented by adrenalectomy. The rapidity of both effects points to a fast, mutual, positive feedback of the controlling mechanisms within the time frame of a single conflict. Such a mutual facilitation may contribute to the precipitation and escalation of violent behavior under stressful conditions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fast Positive Feedback Between the Adrenocortical Stress Response and a Brain Mechanism Involved in Aggressive Behavior.

Kruk¹,

Halász²,

Meelis³

et al. 2004

Behavioral Neuroscience

191

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“…In partial agreement, Adams and Flynn [1966] reported that cats would escape from medial hypothalamic stimulation which elicited "affective defense," but not from lateral hypothalamic "predatory attack" stimulation. Stimulation in a more anterior region ventrolateral to the VMH is more likely to produce an affective, apparently negatively reinforcing, attack similar to the effects of medial stimulation [Panksepp and Trowill, 1969;King and Hoebel, 1968;Panksepp, 19711. Other evidence for positive reward value comes from tests of self-stimulation at attack-producing sites in the brains of monkeys, rats, and guinea pigs. Vernges and Karli [ 19701 found that medial hypothalamic stimulation elicits an affective, defensive, poorly directed, apparently negatively reinforcing attack.…”

Section: Reinforcing Value Of Lntracranially Elicited Aggressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The reinforcing value of several types of aggressive behavior: A review

Potegal¹

1979

Aggr. Behav.

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“…The onset of stimulation of some areas, usually ventrolateral to the fornix or dorsal to the optic tract, produces essentially pure aggressive/aversive effects (King and Hoebel, 1968;Panksepp, 1971;Panksepp and Trowill, 1969). Stimulation through electrodes located very close, if not in the first areas, produces both aversive and reinforcing effects (Panksepp, 1971).…”

Section: Parallels Between the Control Of Biting And Attack By Neuralmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Motivation of Aggression

Renfrew

Hutchinson

1983

Motivation

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INTRODUCTIONProgress in the understanding of aggression has been impeded by confusion over just what constitutes aggression, whether it is a unitary phenomenon, and what are the nature and number of its determinants. For almost two decades, we have pursued a line of research that has provided some basic information on the nature of aggression and its determinants and that has resulted in the development of investigative techniques which will facilitate further research in this field. In the present work, we will review previous studies by ourselves and our colleagues, concerning the environmental determinants of aggression, that involved development of definitions of the behavior and of methods to measure them reliably. We will show how the methods have led to the demonstration of two classes of environmental antecedent conditions for aggression. We also will summarize our work on brain mechanisms for aggression that shows how these neural mechanisms parallel those found for situations involving peripheral mechanisms. In addition, we will illustrate how our work on the brain supports and extends the attempts of other investigators to understand the determinants of aggression through the study of brain stimulation effects. THE RELATION OF AGGRESSION TO MOTIVATIONOur approach will consider motivation as a three-term relationship involving an antecedent condition, behavior, and the result or outcome of the behavior. 511 13 E. Satinoff et al. (eds.), Motivation © Plenum Press, New York 1983 512 J. W. RENFREW AND R. R. HUTCHINSONBehavior is "motivated" by both the antecedent and consequent events, and these events occur naturally or through experimental manipuli:ltions. The general nature of conditions that powerfully influence behavior in such contexts includes changes in stimuli or conditions that contribute to the survival or comfort of the organism or that are injurious or unpleasant to the organism. Thus, the "motivation" of behaviors results from alteration of antecedent conditions to less favorable, more deleterious circumstances and/or it results from behavior-consequent changes toward more beneficial, less injurious conditions.The relations between the motivating circumstances and aggression are both inherent and acquired. Inherent aggression is unlearned behavior that follows motivating antecedent conditions that influence behavior generally and affect the survival of the organism. Those environmental changes that act to increase instrumental or operant activity are the very conditions that trigger aggressive sequences directly. Such unlearned functions should be represented in the central nervous system of an organism in an invariant manner for all members of a species and in similar ways for related species. Experiential factors may result in further neural representation of these functions, as previously ineffective stimuli that are associated with the antecedent environmental changes also come to produce aggression through conditioning. Aggressive behavior may be acquired or learned when it produces favo...

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Electrically induced affective attack from the hypothalamus of the albino rat

Cited by 16 publications

References 9 publications

Fast Positive Feedback Between the Adrenocortical Stress Response and a Brain Mechanism Involved in Aggressive Behavior.

Fast Positive Feedback Between the Adrenocortical Stress Response and a Brain Mechanism Involved in Aggressive Behavior.

The reinforcing value of several types of aggressive behavior: A review

The Motivation of Aggression

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