Electrically Pumped Photonic Crystal Lasers: Laser Diodes and Quantum Cascade Lasers

Checoury, X.; Colombelli, R.; Lourtioz, Jean‐Michel

doi:10.1002/9783527655342.ch3

Compact Semiconductor Lasers 2014

DOI: 10.1002/9783527655342.ch3

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Electrically Pumped Photonic Crystal Lasers: Laser Diodes and Quantum Cascade Lasers

X. Checoury

R. Colombelli

Jean‐Michel Lourtioz

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Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…By applying this concept to 2D photonic-crystal patterned terahertz frequency quantum cascade lasers, surfaceemitting devices with diffraction-limited beams are demonstrated, with 17 mW peak output power. In the terahertz (THz) frequency range of the electromagnetic spectrum, several PhC design strategies have been applied to quantum cascade laser (QCL) technologies in recent years [5,6]. The goal has been to improve the shape and quality of the strongly divergent emission [5,6] and the power efficiency of the devices by using the confinement and/or the dispersion properties of periodically patterned (in 1D or 2D) metal-semiconductor-metal structures.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The goal has been to improve the shape and quality of the strongly divergent emission [5,6] and the power efficiency of the devices by using the confinement and/or the dispersion properties of periodically patterned (in 1D or 2D) metal-semiconductor-metal structures. To date, a coherent single-lobed emission with reduced divergence has been obtained in edgeemitting devices, using third-order distributed feedback (DFB) gratings [7,8], and in surface-emitting devices, using 2D PhCs [9,10] and second-order DFBs [11,12].…”

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confidence: 99%

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THz quantum cascade lasers operating on the radiative modes of a 2D photonic crystal

Halioua

Moumdji

et al. 2014

Opt. Lett.

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Photonic-crystal lasers operating on Γ-point band-edge states of a photonic structure naturally exploit the so-called "nonradiative" modes. As the surface output coupling efficiency of these modes is low, they have relatively high Q factors, which favor lasing. We propose a new 2D photonic-crystal design that is capable of reversing this mode competition and achieving lasing on the radiative modes instead. Previously, this has only been shown in 1D structures, where the central idea is to introduce anisotropy into the system, both at unit-cell and resonator scales. By applying this concept to 2D photonic-crystal patterned terahertz frequency quantum cascade lasers, surfaceemitting devices with diffraction-limited beams are demonstrated, with 17 mW peak output power. In the terahertz (THz) frequency range of the electromagnetic spectrum, several PhC design strategies have been applied to quantum cascade laser (QCL) technologies in recent years [5,6]. The goal has been to improve the shape and quality of the strongly divergent emission [5,6] and the power efficiency of the devices by using the confinement and/or the dispersion properties of periodically patterned (in 1D or 2D) metal-semiconductor-metal structures. To date, a coherent single-lobed emission with reduced divergence has been obtained in edgeemitting devices, using third-order distributed feedback (DFB) gratings [7,8], and in surface-emitting devices, using 2D PhCs [9,10] and second-order DFBs [11,12]. However, efficient power extraction and, hence, wallplug efficiency (WPE) from DFB-or PhC-patterned QCLs has been elusive. WPEs for these devices fall well below the current state-of-the-art for THz QCLs exploiting unpatterned single-plasmon waveguides, where values in the 0.5%-1% range are currently achieved at 10 K [5].The problem in achieving high WPE has a fundamental origin. 1D and 2D PhCs support two classes of modes at the high symmetry points in the band structure where PhC lasers usually operate. These modes are associated with either symmetric or antisymmetric electric field profiles on the scale of the unit cell. When located above the light line, both modes will give rise to emission but will result in constructive or destructive interference. THz frequency QCLs (and indeed all QCLs) are TM polarized, i.e., the electric field is aligned parallel to the growth (z) axis. Since surface emission originates from the in-plane components of the field in the holes/slits of 2D/1D PhCs, it is only the magnetic field component that sources the radiation [13]. As a general rule, antisymmetric modes with respect to E z are symmetric with respect to the in-plane H field in the slits/holes of the DFB/PhC and are, hence, labeled "radiative." Conversely, symmetric E z modes are antisymmetric with respect to the in-plane H field and are, hence, termed "nonradiative." In fact, radiative modes at the Γ point (k in-plane 0) naturally exhibit an emission maximum in the direction normal to the device surface. As a consequence, the following relation is always true:...

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

THz quantum cascade lasers operating on the radiative modes of a 2D photonic crystal

Halioua

Moumdji

et al. 2014

Opt. Lett.

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Design of an ultracompact 3-input majority gate using photonic crystal

Swarnakar¹,

Rakesh²,

Kumar³

et al. 2023

ISSS J Micro Smart Syst

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Design and performance enhancement of an all-optical demultiplexer for optical computing applications employing photonic crystals

et al. 2023

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In this paper, a photonic crystal (PhC) based 1×2 demultiplexer is designed to work efficiently at 1550nm, which is the operating wavelength of optical communication. In designing a 1×2 demultiplexer, the PhC structure employs Y-shaped square-lattice silicon rods with air as its basis in accordance with the principle of beam interference. This study presents a 15×15 rod-based PhC optimized structure with air as its background. Several distinct phase studies are carried out making use of a wide variety of lattice constant and refractive index values of PhCs. The design achieves enhanced performance in accordance with parameters such as having higher contrast ratio of 15.64 dB, high transmission efficiency of 77.92%, fast response time of 15.03 fs, and low insertion loss of 1.08 dB with optimal values for refractive index (RI), silicon rod radius, and lattice constant. The results of the simulation that used the finite-difference-time-domain technique illustrate the good performance of this structure, which exhibits a higher contrast ratio and bit rate, average transmitted power, and fewer power losses.

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Electrically Pumped Photonic Crystal Lasers: Laser Diodes and Quantum Cascade Lasers

Cited by 3 publications

References 158 publications

THz quantum cascade lasers operating on the radiative modes of a 2D photonic crystal

THz quantum cascade lasers operating on the radiative modes of a 2D photonic crystal

Design of an ultracompact 3-input majority gate using photonic crystal

Design and performance enhancement of an all-optical demultiplexer for optical computing applications employing photonic crystals

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