Electrically Tunable Epsilon-Near-Zero (ENZ) Metafilm Absorbers

Park, Junghyun; Kang, Ju-Hyung; Liu, Xiaoge; Brongersma, Mark L.

doi:10.1038/srep15754

Cited by 258 publications

(217 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Transition-metal nitrides such as TiN show comparable optical properties as gold in the visible and infrared but have much higher melting points [249][250][251], a property that can be explored for metasurface applications involving high optical intensity. Transparent conducting oxides (TCOs) such as indium-tinoxide enable one to control the spectral location of the epsilon-near-zero point, which is associated with enhanced optical near-fields; the resulting strong interaction between light and TCOs can be exploited for optical modulation [252,253] and nonlinear optics. Phasechange materials such as chalcogenide alloys that have been used in rewritable CDs, DVDs, and Blu-ray discs, can be switched between the amorphous and crystalline states by laser or electrical current pulses with controlled duration and intensity [254,255].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of metasurfaces: physics and applications

2016

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Abstract. Metamaterials are composed of periodic subwavelength metal/dielectric structures that resonantly couple to the electric and/or magnetic components of the incident electromagnetic fields, exhibiting properties that not found in nature. This class of micro-and nano-structured artificial media have attracted great interest during the past 15 years and yielded ground-breaking electromagnetic and photonic phenomena. However, the high losses and strong dispersion associated with the resonant responses and the use of metallic structures, as well as the difficulty in fabricating the micro-and nanoscale 3D structures, have hindered practical applications of metamaterials. Planar metamaterials with subwavelength thickness, or metasurfaces, consisting of single-layer or few-layer stacks of planar structures can be readily fabricated using lithography and nanoprinting methods, and the ultrathin thickness in the wave propagation direction can greatly suppress the undesirable losses. Metasurfaces enable a spatially varying optical response (e.g., scattering amplitude, phase, and polarization), mold optical wavefronts into shapes that can be designed at will, and facilitate the integration of functional materials to accomplish active control and greatly enhanced nonlinear response. This paper reviews recent progress in the physics of metasurfaces operating at wavelengths ranging from microwave to visible. We provide an overview of key metasurface concepts such as anomalous reflection and refraction, and introduce metasurfaces based on the PancharatnamBerry phase and Huygens' metasurfaces, as well as their use in wavefront shaping and beam forming applications, followed by a discussion of polarization conversion in fewlayer metasurfaces and their related properties. An overview of dielectric metasurfaces reveals their ability to realize unique functionalities coupled with Mie resonances and their low ohmic losses. We also describe metasurfaces for wave guidance and radiation control, as well as active and nonlinear metasurfaces. Finally, we conclude by providing our opinions of future developments in this rapidly developing research field.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of metasurfaces: physics and applications

2016

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“…There are several models in the literatures to explain the mechanism of the MIM MPA including impedance matching model , vertical interference model , and Gap plasmon model . Recently, Zhou et al used a mode expansion method to analytically investigate the resonance in the MIM MPA .…”

Section: Mechanism and Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metamaterial absorber integrated microfluidic terahertz sensors

Wen

et al. 2016

Laser & Photonics Reviews

254

130

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Spatial overlap between the electromagnetic fields and the analytes is a key factor for strong light-matter interaction leading to high sensitivity for label-free refractive index sensing. Usually, the overlap and therefore the sensitivity are limited by either the localized near field of plasmonic antennas or the decayed resonant mode outside the cavity applied to monitor the refractive index variation. In this paper, by constructing a metal microstructure array-dielectric-metal (MDM) structure, a novel metamaterial absorber integrated microfluidic sensor is proposed and demonstrated in terahertz (THz) range, where the dielectric layer of the MDM structure is hollow and acts as the microfluidic channel. Tuning the electromagnetic parameters of metamaterial absorber, greatly confined electromagnetic fields can be obtained in the channel resulting in significantly enhanced interaction between the analytes and the THz wave. A high sensitivity of 3.5 THz/RIU is predicted. The experimental results of devices working around 1 THz agree with the simulation ones well.The proposed idea to integrate metamaterial and microfluid with a large light-matter interaction can be extended to other frequency regions and has promising applications in matter detection and biosensing.2

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“…In particular, ENZ nanofilms incorporated in metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) capacitor arrays have showed remarkable intensity and phase modulation properties driven by field-effect free-carrier accumulation and depletion78910. In this approach, highly dissipative, deep-subwavelength plasmonic resonances are necessary to induce significant optical interaction with sub-10-nm-thick EO-active layers.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple p-n junction subwavelength gratings for transmission-mode electro-optic modulators

Lee

Yoon

Song

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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We propose a free-space electro-optic transmission modulator based on multiple p-n-junction semiconductor subwavelength gratings. The proposed device operates with a high-Q guided-mode resonance undergoing electro-optic resonance shift due to direct electrical control. Using rigorous electrical and optical modeling methods, we theoretically demonstrate a modulation depth of 84%, on-state efficiency 85%, and on-off extinction ratio of 19 dB at 1,550 nm wavelength under electrical control signals within a favorably low bias voltage range from −4 V to +1 V. This functionality operates in the transmission mode and sustainable in the high-speed operation regime up to a 10-GHz-scale modulation bandwidth in principle. The theoretical performance prediction is remarkably advantageous over plasmonic tunable metasurfaces in the power-efficiency and absolute modulation-depth aspects. Therefore, further experimental study is of great interest for creating practical-level metasurface components in various application areas.

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Electrically Tunable Epsilon-Near-Zero (ENZ) Metafilm Absorbers

Cited by 258 publications

References 41 publications

A review of metasurfaces: physics and applications

A review of metasurfaces: physics and applications

Metamaterial absorber integrated microfluidic terahertz sensors

Multiple p-n junction subwavelength gratings for transmission-mode electro-optic modulators

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