Electricity consumption-GDP nexus in Pakistan: A structural time series analysis

Modelling and forecasting the demand for natural gas in Pakistan

“…limited public knowledge about them, and high economic costs or limited options for switching from natural gas to other sources of energy [27,73]. Additionally, low and insignificant price elasticities of electricity implies that prices of electricity for the commercial sector are already very low and probably lie below the market equilibrium, therefore, consumers are not sensitive to any changes in electricity prices in the commercial sector.…”

Analysing the long-run relationship among oil market, nuclear energy consumption, and economic growth: An evidence from emerging economies

“…The existing literature generally use the total energy consumption or electricity consumption in order to investigate the energy consumption for a country (for example see Alvarez-Ramirez et al; Javid and Qayyum; Lee and Chang; Zhang et al [7,49,65,101]; among others). 4 However Sari and Soytas [89], argue that the use of aggregate energy consumption or electricity consumption, rather than using disaggregated energy measures, may be one of the reasons that lead to the inconsistency in the results of the empirical studies.…”

Independent power (or pollution) producers? Electricity reforms and IPPs in Pakistan

“…System dynamics models are causal models, well suited for policy analysis and assessment rather than the point prediction of variables under study [18,19,48]. Consistent with this assertion, the key purpose of the MDESRAP model is to assist us in the long-term assessment and analysis of Pakistan's electricity sector.…”

“…The key characteristics of Pakistan's electricity supply system include the existence of (i) multiple stakeholders (i.e., consumers, the IPPs, and the GOP), (ii) uncertainty (e.g., in fuel prices), (iii) delays (e.g., between capacity approval and actual commissioning of power plants), (iv) non-linearities (e.g., the relationship between "people's motivation to pay higher" and "increases in rates of electricity" is non-linear because only for so long and for so much they will be willing to pay [18]), and (v) multiple feedback loops in the system (e.g., higher prices of electricity generate more revenue for the IPPs and that, in turn, brings in more capacity. Increased capacity leads to higher revenues and the cycle continues).…”