“…Pt-free transition metals oxides, such as Co, Fe and Mn-based electrocatalysts have gained increasing attention, owing to their durability, high performance, and relatively low-cost (Zhang et al 2014). For example, the introduction of metal element or metallic oxide, such as Fe (Anon n.d.), CoTMPP (Sun 2012), MnO X (R. Burkitt, T. Whiffen 2016), WC (Gong et al 2013), Pt-Ru/C (Yang et al 2016), Cobalt naphthalocyanine (CoNPc/C) (Rae et al 2011), Co-Al 2 O 3 -rGO (Papiya et al 2017), pristine stainless steel mesh/cobalt oxide (SSM/Co 3 O 4 ) (Gong et al 2014), Pt-Co alloy nanoparticles on graphene (Pt-Co/G) (Yan et al 2013) and Copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) were used as alternative electrocatalysts for enhancing the MFC performance (Ghasemi et al 2013).…”