Electricity Measurements

Harrison, Giles; Bennett, Alec

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-52171-4_14

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…After the lid was closed, the electrometer voltage was read every 30 s, 12 Radioactive sources were used in atmospheric electricity with radiological safety considerations now unrecognisable, possibly with tragic consequences for frequent users (Harrison, 2018). Different approaches with improved electronics have entirely removed the need for radioactivity (Harrison and Bennett, 2022). to give up to twenty values.…”

Section: Standardisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atmospheric electricity observations at Eskdalemuir Geophysical Observatory

Harrison,

Riddick

2023

Preprint

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Abstract. Atmospheric electricity measurements, principally of the hourly Potential Gradient (PG), were made continuously at Eskdalemuir Observatory, Scotland, (55.314° N, 356.794° E) between 1911 and 1981. Air ion properties were also determined. The sensing apparatus for PG measurement at Eskdalemuir initially used a Kelvin water dropper potential equaliser (1911–1936), followed by a radioactive probe from 1936 and, from 1965, a horizontal stretched wire sensor at 0.5 m, all attached to recording devices. Monthly mean PG data from these instruments is now available digitally. Originally, the data was classified into undisturbed and disturbed days, using the chart record (electrogram). This approach has limitations at Eskdalemuir due to mist, fog and calm conditions, which can influence the mean PG despite the day appearing undisturbed on the electrogram. Nevertheless, a correlation with Pacific Ocean temperature fluctuations is apparent in the Eskdalemuir PG data between 1911 and 1950. As at Lerwick, there was an abrupt decrease in the PG caused by nuclear weapon detonations in the late 1950s and early 1960s. The 1950s PG decrease began at Eskdalemuir before that at Lerwick, for which possible additional local factors are evaluated.

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Section: Standardisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atmospheric electricity observations at Eskdalemuir Geophysical Observatory

Harrison,

Riddick

2023

Preprint

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“…Radioactive sources were used in atmospheric electricity with radiological safety considerations now unrecognisable, possibly with tragic consequences for frequent users(Harrison, 2018). Different approaches with improved electronics have entirely removed the need for radioactivity(Harrison and Bennett, 2022).https://doi.org/10.5194/hgss-15-5-2024Hist. Geo Space Sci., 15, 5-16, 2024…”

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confidence: 99%

Atmospheric electricity observations at Eskdalemuir Geophysical Observatory

Harrison,

Riddick

2024

Hist. Geo Space. Sci.

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Abstract. Atmospheric electricity measurements, principally of the hourly potential gradient (PG), were made continuously at Eskdalemuir Observatory, Scotland (55.314° N, 3.206° W), between 1911 and 1981. Air ion properties were also determined. The sensing apparatus for PG measurement at Eskdalemuir initially used a Kelvin water dropper potential equaliser (1911–1936), followed by a radioactive probe from 1936 and, from 1965, a horizontal stretched wire sensor at 0.5 m, all attached to recording devices. Monthly mean PG data from these instruments are now available digitally. Originally, the data were classified into undisturbed and disturbed days, using the chart record (electrogram). This approach has deficiencies at Eskdalemuir due to mist, fog and calm conditions, which can influence the mean PG despite the day appearing undisturbed on the electrogram. Nevertheless, a correlation with Pacific Ocean temperature fluctuations is apparent in the Eskdalemuir PG data between 1911 and 1950. As at Lerwick, there was an abrupt decrease in the PG caused by nuclear weapon detonations in the late 1950s and early 1960s. The 1950s PG decrease began at Eskdalemuir before that at Lerwick, for which possible additional local factors are evaluated.

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Electricity Measurements

Cited by 2 publications

References 62 publications

Atmospheric electricity observations at Eskdalemuir Geophysical Observatory

Atmospheric electricity observations at Eskdalemuir Geophysical Observatory

Atmospheric electricity observations at Eskdalemuir Geophysical Observatory

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