Electrification seeds – A flexible approach for decentralized electricity supply in developing countries

The Business Model for Access to Affordable RE on Economic, Social, and Environmental Value: A review

“…-micro-and mini-grids provide first-time electricity access in previously unconnected areas [89]; -warm electrification refers to the practice of connecting individual solar power systems to create low-voltage micro-grids [90]; -for example, efficient use of electricity in the workplace [11]; -seeds of electrification, whereby prosumers replace diesel use by selling excess electricity to nearby homes and businesses [91]; -energy cost savings, decarbonization of distributed generation, and innovative financing for prosumer business models are the three primary value propositions for decarbonizing the grid [19]; -energy efficiency and digitalization, for instance, can lead to the creation of virtual power plants for prosumers, which can then be used for energy management and to generate income [92]; -battery storage for electricity in conjunction with micro-and mini-grids to meet peak demand or store energy produced locally [93].…”

“…In Nigeria, for instance, the LCOE of solar mini-grids ranged from USD 1.2/kWh to USD 1.4/kWh for non-productive uses and from USD 1.1/kWh to USD 1.4/kWh for productive services, such as running high-load machinery [11]. When prosumers switched from self-generation and consumption to selling excess electricity generated by solar systems to neighboring households, the Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) decreased by 4% [91]. In 13 African countries, LCOE for prosumer-implemented, ongrid solar PV systems ranged from USD 0.07/kWh to USD 0.18/kWh due to varying loan interest rates [19].…”