Electro‐ and Photocatalytic Oxidative Upgrading of Bio‐based 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural

Abstract

This publication is part of a collection of invited contributions focusing on "Green Conversion of HMF". Please visit chemsuschem.org/collections to view all contributions.

Current Advances in the Sustainable Conversion of 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural into 2,5‐Furandicarboxylic Acid

“…Along with electrocatalysis, photocatalysis is a promising method to realize the conversion of HMF into FDCA in mild conditions. [95] In general, the photocatalytic process is initiated by light irradiation with energy equivalent to, or greater than the bandgap (E g ) of a semiconductor (used as a catalyst). As a result, electrons in the valence band (VB) are excited into the conduction band (CB), leaving holes in the VB.…”

Sustainable Approaches to Selective Conversion of Cellulose Into 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural Promoted by Heterogeneous Acid Catalysts: A Review

“…Many fossil fuels are exhausting rapidly with high emission of exhaust gases (e.g., carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and nitric oxides); simultaneously, social and environmental problems such as acid rain and greenhouse effect are becoming more and more serious ( Zhang et al, 2015 ; Venkata Mohan et al, 2016 ; Zhao et al, 2018 ; Li et al, 2020 ). At present, the promising strategy for improving the current issues of multicarbon energy via developing and searching for an alternative to fossil-based fuels has garnered much attention ( Li et al, 2019a ; Li et al, 2019b ; Zhang H. et al, 2019 ; Nabil et al, 2021 ; Meng et al, 2022 ). Bioorganic carbon substances acting as sustainable and renewable biomass resources have a promising prospect for constructing a carbon-neutral society because of their abundance and wide existence in biological organisms, including straw, wood, and cotton as agroforestry biomass ( Tan J. et al, 2021 ; De et al, 2020 ; Danish and Ahmad., 2018 ; Gazi, 2019 ; Zhang et al, 2021 ).…”

“…More significantly, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF), a high value-added chemical, is a selective dehydration product of monosaccharides (e.g., glucose and fructose) or acid-catalyzed dehydration/hydrolysis of cellulose, which can become a versatile bio-carbon platform compound for upgrading other valuable refining industrial chemicals ( Heo et al, 2021 ; Meng et al, 2022 ). 5-HMF is essentially a furfural derivative bearing hydroxymethyl (–CH 2 OH) and aldehyde group (CH = O) distributed at 1, 4-positions of the furan ring, which can be responsible for upgrading 5-HMF into value-added chemicals via oxidation and/or reduction.…”

Research Progress on the Photo-Driven Catalytic Production of Biodiesel

“…As a rich, clean, and renewable energy source, solar energy is widely used in various fields, including wastewater treatment, solar evaporation, photoelectric treatment, and photothermal catalysis ( Li et al, 2020 ; Nishiyama et al, 2021 ; Meng et al, 2022 ; Song et al, 2022 ). In recent years, the utilization of solar energy to enable heterogeneous catalytic reactions of fuels and chemicals has received extensive attention as a promising alternative to conventional thermal-driven heterogeneous catalytic processes ( Liu et al, 2015 ; Meng and Li, 2021 ; Guo et al, 2022 ; Song et al, 2022 ).…”

“…However, most photocatalytic materials can achieve higher catalytic efficiency only under ultraviolet light irradiation, and the absorption of sunlight in the visible and infrared regions is very weak, which limits the full utilization of solar energy ( Li et al, 2019b ; Guo et al, 2022 ; Song et al, 2022 ). In addition, photocatalyst has the problem of low separation efficiency of photogenerated carriers (electrons and holes) ( Meng et al, 2022 ). Therefore, it is urgent to develop photocatalysts with a strong visible light response and high charge carrier separation efficiency ( Corro et al, 2017 ; Aghilinategh et al, 2019 ; Song et al, 2022 ).…”