Electro-optic effect in c-axis oriented ZnO thin films prepared by rf magnetron sputtering

Gulia, Vikash; Kumar, Sanjeev

doi:10.1016/j.optmat.2005.12.007

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 11 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…As a representative, the refractive index of the TE 127 mode under different applied bias can be calculated by fixing the value of D , N , and λ, as shown in Figure 5b. The refractive index variation (∆ n ) versus the applied electric field ( E ) for TE 127 mode in experiment is plotted in Figure 5c, which exhibits a linear relationship and matches with linear electro‐optic effect (Pockels effect) as following equation: [ 21 ]

\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}{\Delta n = \frac{1}{2}n_0^3\gamma E}\end{array}

where n 0 and γ are the refractive index of the ZnO microrod at 0 bias and the electro‐optic coefficient, respectively. Based on the experimental data in Figure 5c, the corresponding γ can be estimated according to Equation ().…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…As a representative, the refractive index of the TE 127 mode under different applied bias can be calculated by fixing the value of D, N, and λ, as shown in Figure 5b. The refractive index variation (∆n) versus the applied electric field (E) for TE 127 mode in experiment is plotted in Figure 5c, which exhibits a linear relationship and matches with linear electro-optic effect (Pockels effect) as following equation: [21] 1 2…”

Section: Mode Shift Under Electric Field E∥c-axismentioning

confidence: 66%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Electro‐Optic Effect of ZnO Microcavity and Active Dynamic Lasing Mode Modulation

Zhao

Liu

et al. 2022

Advanced Optical Materials

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

of the medium. Over the past few decades, various methods have been applied to achieve the modulation of lasing, such as building distributed Bragg reflection (DBR) [1] or distributed feedback (DFB) [2] structures, changing the cavity size, [3] and utilizing self-absorption effects, [4,5] Burstein-Moss (BM) effect [6] or Vernier effect. [7] The dynamic modulation of lasing by using piezoelectric [8,9] and electrooptic effects [10] were used to modulate the refractive index of the crystal. However, the electrical methods are more conducive to miniaturizing and integrating than the mechanical methods, which requires additional stressing devices.Electro-optic effect, as a phenomenon of electric field induced refractive index variation of electro-optic crystal, including 1st and 2nd order electro-optical effects (so-called the Pockels effect and Kerr electro-optic effect), has been commonly used to modulate the lasing modes. However, in general, lasing is resonated and amplified in a gain cavity and the modes are regulated externally in different materials and spaces. In the other word, the modulation is usually operated passively. It will be great favorable for optoelectronic integration if the gain medium itself has electrooptic effect so that plays both roles as the optical microcavity for resonance and electro-optic response for lasing mode modulation. ZnO with a non-centrosymmetric hexagonal structure has been demonstrated nonlinear optics in films. [11,12] Meanwhile, it has attracted considerable attention as an excellent gain media for UV lasing due to its wide direct bandgap and lager exciton binding energy. [13][14][15] This indicates a good candidate for functional integration of lasing generation and dynamic modulation in the ZnO microcavity.In this paper, an individual ZnO hexagonal microrod with high crystalline quality and smooth surface was utilized as a UV lasing microcavity, while an electric field was applied perpendicularly and parallelly to the C-axis of the microcrystal, respectively. The optically pumped lasing modes were modulated dynamically by changing the applied voltage. Corresponding to perpendicular and parallel direction of the electric field, the refractive index variation presents a linear and quadratic increase tendency with the electric field strength, resulted from Pockels and Kerr electro-optic effect, respectively. Based on the systematic analysis, the 1st and 2nd order electrooptical coefficients and modulation speed were estimated. This

show abstract

\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}{\Delta n = \frac{1}{2}n_0^3\gamma E}\end{array}

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…As a representative, the refractive index of the TE 127 mode under different applied bias can be calculated by fixing the value of D, N, and λ, as shown in Figure 5b. The refractive index variation (∆n) versus the applied electric field (E) for TE 127 mode in experiment is plotted in Figure 5c, which exhibits a linear relationship and matches with linear electro-optic effect (Pockels effect) as following equation: [21] 1 2…”

Section: Mode Shift Under Electric Field E∥c-axismentioning

confidence: 66%

Electro‐Optic Effect of ZnO Microcavity and Active Dynamic Lasing Mode Modulation

Zhao

Liu

et al. 2022

Advanced Optical Materials

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Before reaction, the ITO was cleaned with acetone, ethanol and deionized water for 30 min, respectively. Different amount of zinc nitrate hydrate (Zn(NO 3 ) 2 •6H 2 O) was dissolved in 250 ml of deionized water, and the concentration of Zn(NO 3 ) 2 Microstructures of ZnO thin films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD, MAC, M18XHF) using CuKα radiation (1.54 Å). Surface morphology of ZnO thin films were characterized by fieldemission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM, Hitachi, S4800).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As an important wide bandgap (3.37 eV) semiconductor with a large exciton binding energy (60 meV), the wurtzite ZnO has triggered great interest in the past decade due to its great performance and potential applications in electro-optics, [1][2][3] ferroelectric, 3 pyroelectricity and piezoelectricity, 4,5 catalysis, 6 and sensors. 7 According to different particle shape, size, crystal structure, crystal form and applications, there are different preparation methods such as magnetron sputtering, 8,9 spray pyrolysis, 10,11 atomic layer epitaxy, 12 molecular beam epitaxy 13,14 pulsed laser deposition, 15,16 sol-gel, 17,18 hydrothermal synthesis, [19][20][21][22] cathodic electrodeposition, [23][24][25] and so on.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Electrodeposition Electrolyte Concentration on Microstructure, Optical Properties and Wettability of ZnO Nanorods

Yao

Zhang

et al. 2015

J. Electrochem. Soc.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ZnO nanorods were grown on ITO substrates with different concentration of electrolyte by electrodeposition method. Microstructure, surface topography, photoluminescence spectra, Raman spectra and water contact angle of the thin films were measured. The XRD results show all samples are hexagonal wurtzite and the intensity of diffraction peaks at (002) preferred orientation are strengthen as electrolyte concentration increase from 0.005 to 0.03 M. As the concentration increases, the average diameter, density and inclination of the ZnO nanorods increased. Room temperature photoluminescence spectras of the ZnO nanorods show a narrow UV band centering at about 377 nm and broad visible emissions around 600 nm and the UV peak intensity revealed a remarkable decreased. Raman spectras exhibit three peaks which are located at 439 cm −1 , 562 cm −1 and 1095 cm −1 . All samples change from hydrophobicity to hydrophilic after one hour ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. As an important wide bandgap (3.37 eV) semiconductor with a large exciton binding energy (60 meV), the wurtzite ZnO has triggered great interest in the past decade due to its great performance and potential applications in electro-optics, [23][24][25] and so on. Among the various growth methods, cathodic electrodeposition represents a rapid and cost-effective approach to the fabrication of ZnO thin films microstructures, which is widely used in the laboratory and industrial production.What's more, the wetting properties of ZnO thin films are very important from both fundamental and practical viewpoint. In recent years, ZnO thin films with special wetting properties have attracted much attention. Papadopoulou et al. 26 prepared hierarchically ZnO structures by irradiating silicon (Si) wafers with femtosecond laser pulses and subsequently coating them with ZnO by pulsed laser deposition. The ZnO thin films exhibit roughness at two length scales, and its surface wetting properties can be rapidly and reversibly switched between hydrophobicity and superhydrophilicity. He et al. 27 first put zinc foil oxidized in air and then deposited ZnO nanorods on zinc foil substrate by electrochemical deposition method, resulting in the formation of nanorods structures. The diameter of these nanorods are about 116 nm, and the films show an excellent superhydrophobicity. In this paper, ZnO nanorods were prepared within one step by cathodic electrodeposition method. In order to regulate the morphology of ZnO thin films, different amounts of Zn(NO 3 ) 2 •6H 2 O were added to the electrolyte. Microstructure, surface morphology and optical properties of the ZnO thin films were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and microRaman spectroscope system. At last, wettability of the ZnO thin films and photoinduced hydrophilicity were tested through water contact angle apparatus. * Electrochemical Society Active Member.z E-mail: szq@ahu.edu.cn ExperimentalZnO thin films were prepared by three-electrode system, the electrochemical workstation (CHI600D) ...

show abstract

“…In particular, wurtzite ZnO, a material that has found applications in technologies exploiting its piezoelectric and photoelastic properties, [1][2][3][4] has experienced renewed interest for use in semiconductor light emitters and detectors. [5][6][7][8][9] In recent decades application of this material in such technology has been impeded by the difficulty of achieving the stable p-type doping necessary for device engineering.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complex Refractive Indices of Cd x Zn1−x O Thin Films Grown by Molecular Beam Epitaxy

Mares

Falanga

Folks

et al. 2008

Journal of Elec Materi

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The complex refractive indices of Cd x Zn 1-x O thin films were determined by transmission spectrophotometry. Transmission spectra were modeled from 375 nm to 800 nm for samples having cadmium concentrations ranging from 2% to 77%. The transparent and absorptive regimes were fitted separately by Sellmeier and Forouhi-Bloomer models, respectively. Real refractive indices of Cd x Zn 1-x O shift to higher values in the transparent region and the optical absorption edge shifts to longer wavelengths with increasing cadmium concentration. Spectroscopic ellipsometry was carried out on one sample from k = 190 nm to 1.8 lm. Comparison between the two methods shows that the results are in general agreement.

show abstract

Electro-optic effect in c-axis oriented ZnO thin films prepared by rf magnetron sputtering

Cited by 10 publications

References 11 publications

Electro‐Optic Effect of ZnO Microcavity and Active Dynamic Lasing Mode Modulation

Electro‐Optic Effect of ZnO Microcavity and Active Dynamic Lasing Mode Modulation

Effects of Electrodeposition Electrolyte Concentration on Microstructure, Optical Properties and Wettability of ZnO Nanorods

Complex Refractive Indices of Cd x Zn1−x O Thin Films Grown by Molecular Beam Epitaxy

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About