Electro-optic properties of singly and doubly doped lithium niobate crystal by rare earth elements for optoelectronic and laser applications

Abstract

Congruent lithium niobate (LN) doped with rare-earth elements is a promising host for integrated optic combining the properties straightforwardly associated to the dopant with the good electro-optic (EO) properties. By direct technique based on interferometric optical arrangement at a wavelength of 633 nm and at room temperature, we have experimentally determined the figure of merit F = n3reff, (n is the refractive index and reff, the effective EO coefficient) and finally calculated the EO coefficients reff of the third-column of the unclamped EO tensor of three series of singly doped LN with Yb3+, Ho3+, Tm3+ and two series of doubly doped Er3+–Yb3+. It is found that in all the studied opto-geometric configurations, the unclamped figure of merit and consequently the corresponding EO coefficients are relatively constant in the considered dopant concentration range. As the figure of merit, F qualifies crystals for EO modulation and laser applications, all reported results confirm that the LN singly or doubly doped with rare-earth elements are very promising versatile candidates for several multifunctional nonlinear devices in optoelectronic and laser applications.

Investigation of the properties of single and double doped lithium niobate single crystals — functional materials of optoelectronics

“…Кристаллы, легированные эрбием, находят применение в оптических линиях связи в качестве усилителей. Ионы Er 3+ являются одним из наиболее эффективных типов активных примесных ионов, так как они имеют излучательный переход 4I13/2-4 I15/2, спектральный пик которого приходится на длину волны 1,54 мкм, которая является оптимальной для использования в волоконно-оптических линиях [8].…”

Modulating opto‐electronic and magnetic responses of Mo‐ and Zn‐adsorbed LiNbO3 (1 1 1) surface for advanced energy harvesting applications: A comprehensive study

“…Lithium Niobate (LiNbO 3 ) is a widely recognized perovskite compound that displays ferroelectric properties and holds significant potential for use in optical and electro‐optical systems, thanks to its unique piezoelectric, electro‐optical, and photovoltaic, photoelastic, and nonlinear optical properties [1‐23]. Researchers have become interested in LiNbO 3 because of its extraordinary and unusual features, mostly determined by its structural composition and defect structure.…”

“…Researchers have become interested in LiNbO 3 because of its extraordinary and unusual features, mostly determined by its structural composition and defect structure. The optical properties of LiNbO 3 can be affected by a considerable quantity of impurities that can supplant Li/Nb ions and dominate the octahedral voids in the crystal structure [14]. Prior to this, Lithium Niobate (LiNbO 3 ) has captured the focus of researchers and manufacturers due to its potential in optoelectronics‐based applications.…”

Negative magnetoresistance in different nitrogen content EuNbO3−xNx single-crystalline thin films

“…1,10 For example, LiNbO 3 is a uniaxial ferroelectric material with rhombohedral symmetry, whose polarization is along the threefold z-axis. 11,12 It has been applied to actuators, 13 waveguides, 14 etc. Stoichiometric SrNbO 3 in the thin-film form shows Fermi-liquid behaviour with low resistivity and a non-Drude response in the near-infrared region.…”