Electro-osmotic and pressure-driven flow properties of frits for packed column capillary electrochromatography prepared from functionalised and bare silica packings

Hilder, Emily F.; Klampfl, Christian W.; Macka, Mirek; Haddad, Paul R.; Myers, Peter

doi:10.1039/a908102j

Cited by 26 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…This finding is in agreement with results of Dittmann et al [54]. Hilder et al [91] prepared frits in open tubular (OT) capillaries from ODS (C18), SCX (strong cation exchangers), and SAX (strong anion exchangers) packing materials and found increased EOF values for OT+frit compared to OT columns alone. The highest EOF was achieved for SCX packing materials.…”

Section: Cation Exchangers (Cx)supporting

confidence: 91%

Stationary and mobile phases in capillary electrochromatography (CEC)

Jiskra

Claessens²,

Cramers

2003

J of Separation Science

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Stationary and mobile phases in capillary electrochromatography (CEC)This review describes the state of the art of capillary electrochromatography (CEC). Properties of and interactions between stationary and mobile phases applied in CEC are described and discussed; developments in stationary phases, partly also monolithic stationary phases, are reviewed. Special attention is paid to the comparison of the behaviour of stationary and/or mobile phases under CEC versus HPLC conditions with respect to variables such as particle and pore size of the stationary phase, mobile phase composition, and temperature. These issues are discussed throughout the paper. A number of applications in CEC is presented as well.

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Section: Cation Exchangers (Cx)supporting

confidence: 91%

Stationary and mobile phases in capillary electrochromatography (CEC)

Jiskra

Claessens²,

Cramers

2003

J of Separation Science

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“…Furthermore, the surface charge of the monolith is crucial [97]. As we have previously shown, even a small (5 mm) section of stationary phase within a capillary will dominate the EOF generated in the entire capillary [98]. An additional obstacle is that flow through a monolith can sometimes create pressure differences leading to gas bubbles which are problematic for CE.…”

Section: Spe Coupled Online To Cementioning

confidence: 99%

Porous polymer monoliths for extraction: Diverse applications and platforms

Potter

Hilder²

2008

J of Separation Science

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Polymer monoliths are becoming increasingly popular as sorbent materials, and, along with silica monoliths, they are sometimes touted as replacements for the particulate stationary phases used in HPLC. This critical and prospective review shows how polymer monoliths are in fact finding numerous extraction roles that do not resemble HPLC. They are showing great promise as extractors in a remarkable range of platforms, formats and hyphenated systems with functions ranging from chromatographic preconcentration to large-scale preparative extraction. Monolith surface chemistry, morphology and the approaches to monolith synthesis are discussed with regards to these emerging roles.

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“…The procedure was therefore applied to the determination of hardness in water. Figure 7 shows the electropherogram obtained for a water sample spiked with 1 mM Ba 21 and preconcentrated for 250 s. Although Na 1 is present in the sample, there is no peak observed for this ion because of its loss from the concentrator column during sample loading. This effect could be used to advantage for the preferential binding of divalent ions in samples containing elevated levels of alkali metal ions, such as seawater.…”

Section: Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One application area of CEC is the separation of inorganic cations, anions and low-molecular-weight organic ions [20][21][22][23] using ion-exchange stationary phases. Packed capillary cation-exchange CEC using an anionic cationexchange or mixed-mode stationary phase has been used for the separation of neutral aromatic compounds [24] and organic bases [25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and characterisation of dual‐layer latex‐coated columns for open‐tubular capillary electrochromatographic preconcentration of cations combined in‐line with their separation by capillary electrophoresis

2006

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A dual-layer ion-exchange latex-coated column was prepared and characterised for on-capillary preconcentration of cations using an open-tubular ion-exchange CEC format. After preconcentration, the analyte cations were eluted with a transient isotachophoretic gradient and separated by CE. The latex double layer was established by first coating the negatively charged wall of the capillary with a layer of cationic quaternary ammonium anion-exchange Dionex AS5A latex particles (60 nm diameter), and then coating a layer of anionic sulphonated cation-exchange Dionex CS3 latex particles (300 nm diameter) onto the underlying AS5A layer. The adhesion of layers is based on electrostatic attractions. Several dual-layer capillaries were characterised for their EOF and ion-exchange capacity and this showed that coatings could be prepared reproducibly by a simple flushing procedure. The dual-layer columns exhibited a moderate, pH-independent EOF (ca. 26 x 10(-9 )m2V(-1)s(-1)) and an ion-exchange capacity of 57 microequiv./g (or 2.69 nequiv./column). Using an 8 cm length of coated capillary combined with a 72 cm length of untreated capillary, a method for on-line preconcentration and separation of monovalent organic bases, alkali metal ions and alkaline earth metal ions by CE was developed. Recoveries for the preconcentration step were 48% for 4-methylbenzylammonium, 43% for benzylammonium, 30-32% for alkali metal ions and 71-75% for alkaline earth cations. In all cases, recoveries were reproducible with RSDs being less than 6.2%. The influences of the ion-exchange selectivity coefficient of the analyte and the sample-loading rate on analyte recovery were also examined. The proposed method was utilised for the determination of alkaline earth cations and low microM detection limits were obtained.

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Electro-osmotic and pressure-driven flow properties of frits for packed column capillary electrochromatography prepared from functionalised and bare silica packings

Cited by 26 publications

References 29 publications

Stationary and mobile phases in capillary electrochromatography (CEC)

Stationary and mobile phases in capillary electrochromatography (CEC)

Porous polymer monoliths for extraction: Diverse applications and platforms

Preparation and characterisation of dual‐layer latex‐coated columns for open‐tubular capillary electrochromatographic preconcentration of cations combined in‐line with their separation by capillary electrophoresis

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