Electro-Responsive Conductive Blended Hydrogel Patch

Abstract

The proposed electro-responsive hydrogel has great benefit for transdermal drug delivery system (TDDS) applications. To improve the physical or chemical properties of hydrogels, a number of researchers have previously studied the mixing efficiencies of the blended hydrogels. However, few studies have focused on improving the electrical conductivity and drug delivery of the hydrogels. We developed a conductive blended hydrogel by mixing alginate with gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) and silver nanowire (AgNW). We demonstrated that and the tensile strength of blended hydrogels were increased by a factor of 1.8 by blending GelMA and the electrical conductivity was enhanced by a factor of 18 by the addition of AgNW. Furthermore, the GelMA-alginate-AgNW (Gel-Alg-AgNW) blended hydrogel patch enabled on-off controllable drug release, indicating 57% doxorubicin release in response to electrical stimulation (ES) application. Therefore, this electro-responsive blended hydrogel patch could be useful for smart drug delivery applications.

Conductive Viologen Hydrogel Based on Hyperbranched Polyamidoamine for Multiple Stimulus-Responsive Drug Delivery

“…When a reduction potential of −0.6 V was applied, viologen transitioned from dication (V ++ ) to radical (V +· ) forms associated with a concomitantly decreased electrostatic interaction and expulsion of ATP – anions and when potential at −1.2 V, all ATP – anions were expulsed (Figure d). Compared with previously reported drug release hydrogels (adriamycin release from an alginate/gelatin methacrylate/silver nanowire hybrid hydrogel at a potential of 3 V and dexamethasone release from an aniline tetramer/polysaccharide/xanthan gum injectable hydrogel at a potential of 3 V), the stimulated voltage of ATP – release from the 2-EHP/PAM hydrogel was found to be lower, indicating accessible application prospects.…”

“…The absorption standard curve of ATP – concentrations of 1.5–50 μg/mL was established at a wavelength of 260 nm (Figure S9b). The drug release curves of EHP/PAM hydrogels were observed at a controlled potential of −1.2 V (vs Ag/AgCl), which was much lower than other types of conductive hydrogels. − The initial state showed a high release rate for 45 min, followed by a plateau that reached equilibrium in approximately 90 min. It was noted that the cumulative amount of drug released was strongly influenced by the amount of viologen present in the hydrogel (Figure a).…”

“…Recently, great efforts have been made in the design and construction of electro-stimulated drug delivery systems due to their unrivaled rapidity, reversibility, and localization. , Therefore, multifarious conductive hydrogels have been prepared with diverse conducting materials through various synthetic tactics. Chung et al reported a conductive blended hydrogel by mixing alginate with gelatin methacrylate and silver nanowires . The resultant blended hydrogel patch demonstrated a controllable drug release with 57% doxorubicin release at a voltage of 3 V. A conductive and injectable tetraaniline-grafted polysaccharide/xanthan gum/sodium trimetaphosphate hydrogel was fabricated and reported by Tao et al, which displayed good conductivity and stretchability, as well as electrically responsive drug release behavior, at a potential of 3 V. Moreover, an electro-stimulated ibuprofen release behavior was achieved from a conductive hyaluronic acid/graphene/polyaniline hydrogel at voltages of 0–3 V .…”

“…Chung et al reported a conductive blended hydrogel by mixing alginate with gelatin methacrylate and silver nanowires. 12 The resultant blended hydrogel patch demonstrated a controllable drug release with 57% doxorubicin release at a voltage of 3 V. A conductive and injectable tetraaniline-grafted polysaccharide/xanthan gum/sodium tri-metaphosphate hydrogel was fabricated and reported by Tao et al, 13 which displayed good conductivity and stretchability, as well as electrically responsive drug release behavior, at a potential of 3 V. Moreover, an electro-stimulated ibuprofen release behavior was achieved from a conductive hyaluronic acid/graphene/polyaniline hydrogel at voltages of 0−3 V. 14 To improve electrochemical durability, conductive hydrogels featuring low driving voltage are highly desired.…”

Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) as an insulin carrier in silk fibroin hydrogels for transdermal delivery via iontophoresis

“…4d and e), the pore size increased due to the electro-repulsive force between the cathode and the SF chain (pI of SF = 4.53), leading to the SF expansion. 30,69…”