Electroacupuncture plus Metformin Lowers Glucose Levels and Facilitates Insulin Sensitivity by Activating Mapk in Steroid-Induced Insulin-Resistant Rats

Liao, Hsien-Yin; Sun, Mao-Feng; Lin, Jaung‐Geng; Chang, Shih‐Liang; Lee, Yu‐Chen

doi:10.1136/acupmed-2014-010724

Cited by 25 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Our result are similar to another study, in which, they have assessed, that EA restores divergent adipose-tissue gene expression associated with IR, obesity and inflammation. 17 As a result, we conclude that EA may prevent IR as a kind of insulin sensitizer, by also improving lipid metabolism mechanism. In addition, EA may be able to treat obesity by altering lipid profiles.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…In another study, EA plus diet adjustments decreased the levels of serum TNF-α 27 our study showed similar results. In addition, adipocytes are known to contain higher level of IL-6 in obese rodents; Manneras et al 17 assessed the effect of EA in adipose tissue in rats with poly cystic ovarian syndrome, in which, IL-6 expression tended to be restored after EA. Meanwhile, EA reduced serum IL-6 concentration, similar to our results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 13 In our study, we sought to understand the relationship between weight loss, inflammatory markers and IR, when T2DM patients were treated with acupuncture-combined therapy. A study by Liao et al 17 has reported a glucose-lowering effect of EA+metformin through activation of GLUT4 and upregulation of MAPK expression in insulin-resistant rats. They concluded that EA+metformin facilitated insulin sensitivity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, leptin, which controls TNF-α production, 15 has been implicated in the modulation of glucose homeostasis and IR; 16 adiponectin, which is the most abundantly secreted protein by white adipose tissue, has a well-known inverse relationship with adiposity and risk of T2DM. Adiponectin is also inversely associated with IR in human populations and some studies have demonstrated that adiponectin exerts an insulin-sensitizing effect; 17 elevated resistin has been shown in obese rodents. 15 In the other hand, increased levels of circulating FFAs and dyslipidemia can be found in T2DM patients; and increased ceramides biosynthesis induced by TNF-α or saturated FFAs seems to impair insulin action.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparative evaluation of the therapeutic effect of metformin monotherapy with metformin and acupuncture combined therapy on weight loss and insulin sensitivity in diabetic patients

Firouzjaei

Wang

et al. 2016

Nutr & Diabetes

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Objective:Obesity induces insulin resistance (IR), the key etiologic defect of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Therefore, an incidence of obesity-induced diabetes is expected to decrease if obesity is controlled. Although Metformin is currently one of the main treatment options for T2DM in obese patients, resulting in an average of 5% weight loss, adequate weight control in all patients cannot be achieved with Metformin alone. Thus, additional therapies with a weight loss effect, such as acupuncture, may improve the effectiveness of Metformin.Subjective:We designed this randomized clinical trial (RCT) to compare the effects of Metformin monotherapy with that of Metformin and acupuncture combined therapy on weight loss and insulin sensitivity among overweight/obese T2DM patients, to understand whether acupuncture plus Metformin is a better approach than Metformin only on treating diabetes. To understand whether acupuncture can be an insulin sensitizer and, if so, its therapeutic mechanism.Results:Our results show that Metformin and acupuncture combined therapy significantly improves body weight, body mass index (BMI), fasting blood sugar (FBS), fasting insulin (FINS), homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) index, interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), leptin, adiponectin, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), resistin, serotonin, free fatty acids (FFAs), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc) and ceramides.Conclusions:Consequently, Metformin and acupuncture combined therapy is more effective than Metformin only, proving that acupuncture is an insulin sensitizer and is able to improve insulin sensitivity possibly by reducing body weight and inflammation, while improving lipid metabolism and adipokines. As a result, electro-acupuncture (EA) might be useful in controlling the ongoing epidemics in obesity and T2DM.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparative evaluation of the therapeutic effect of metformin monotherapy with metformin and acupuncture combined therapy on weight loss and insulin sensitivity in diabetic patients

Firouzjaei

Wang

et al. 2016

Nutr & Diabetes

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“…31 EA at bilateral ST36 may improve glucose tolerance by stimulating cholinergic nerves and nitric oxide synthase, and lowering plasma levels of free fatty acids. 32 The glucose-lowering effect of EA may also be related to upregulation of obestatin expression in the hypothalamus, 33 activation of GLUT4 via upregulation of MAPK expression 34 and modulation of cell adhesion molecules. 35 The present experiment suggests that changes in blood sugar level may be a gradual process, as 3 weeks of treatment were needed before a significant difference was observed.…”

Section: Ea Simultaneously Improved Ovarian Cycle and Glucose Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acupuncture Attenuates Hyperglycaemia and Improves Ovarian Function in Female Rats Subjected to Continuous Light Exposure

Kang

et al. 2017

Acupunct Med

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Objective Exposure to unnatural light cycles is increasingly associated with obesity and the metabolic syndrome. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) on glucose metabolism and ovarian function in female rats subjected to longterm continuous light exposure. Methods Female Sprague-Dawley rats (n=24) were divided into three experimental groups: an LD group that was maintained under a normal light-dark cycle (healthy control); an LL group that was exposed to continuous light for 21 weeks but remained untreated; and an LL+EA group that received EA at ST36 and SP6 during weeks 17 to 21 of continuous light exposure. Results Oestrous cycles of female rats kept in a continuously lit environment for 21 weeks were disordered and polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS)-like changes occurred, accompanied by increased fasting blood glucose (6.23±0.33 vs 5.27±0.40 mmol/L in week 17, p=0.015) and reduced fasting levels of serum testosterone (0.07±0.018 vs 0.12±0.058 ng/L, p=0.043) and insulin (0.89±0.20 vs 1.43±0.46 ng/L, p=0.006). After 5 weeks of EA treatment at ST36 and SP6, ovarian cycle disruption was mitigated and blood glucose levels showed a gradual decline (5.18±0.37 vs 5.80±0.55 mmol/L, p=0.017; and 5.73±0.31 vs 6.62±0.13 mmol/L, p=0.004; in the fourth and fifth weeks of EA treatment, respectively). EA also attenuated the reductions otherwise seen in serum insulin and testosterone levels. Conclusion Prolonged exposure to light can lead to a decline in ovarian and pancreatic function. EA at ST36 and SP6 may reduce abnormally elevated blood glucose levels and improve ovarian and pancreatic hormone levels. InTRoduCTIonHuman circadian rhythms are synchronised to light/dark cycles. Over time, organisms have adapted to diurnal variations in their physiology and metabolism. These rhythms are regulated by molecular circadian clocks. However, in recent years, humans have shifted away from the naturally occurring solar light cycle in favour of artificial, irregular light schedules produced by electrical lighting. Disruption of the core clock genes secondary to interference with these environmental considerations may lead to an increased risk of cardiometabolic disease.1 2 Genetic disruption of clock genes in mice induces metabolic dysfunction at distinct phases of the sleep/ wake cycle.3 Constant exposure to light induces alterations in melatonin levels, food intake, visceral adiposity and circadian rhythms in rats. 4 Exposure of adult female rats to continuous light leads to the gradual development of chronic anovulation.5 6 However, it remains unknown how continuous light exposure affects glucose levels in female rats.As contemporary exposure to artificial light environments is unlikely to change, there may be a potential role for complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) in allowing humans to enjoy the convenience of artificially lit environments, while reducing the potential side effects of light exposure to a minimum. Acupuncture is now widely practised in both East Asian an...

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Experimental Study of Electroacupuncture Therapy in Diabetes Mellitus

Chang

Lee

Lin

2018

Experimental Acupuncturology

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Electroacupuncture plus Metformin Lowers Glucose Levels and Facilitates Insulin Sensitivity by Activating Mapk in Steroid-Induced Insulin-Resistant Rats

Abstract: The glucose-lowering effect and increased insulin sensitivity associated with EA-metformin administration is governed, at least in part, by its ability to stimulate the activation of GLUT4 via upregulation of MAPK expression.

Cited by 25 publications

References 24 publications

Comparative evaluation of the therapeutic effect of metformin monotherapy with metformin and acupuncture combined therapy on weight loss and insulin sensitivity in diabetic patients

Comparative evaluation of the therapeutic effect of metformin monotherapy with metformin and acupuncture combined therapy on weight loss and insulin sensitivity in diabetic patients

Acupuncture Attenuates Hyperglycaemia and Improves Ovarian Function in Female Rats Subjected to Continuous Light Exposure

Experimental Study of Electroacupuncture Therapy in Diabetes Mellitus

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