Electroacupuncture regulate hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis and enhance hippocampal serotonin system in a rat model of depression

Le, Jingjing; Yi, Tao; Li, Qi; Ji, Li Li; Shao, Lingyun; Dong, Jingcheng

doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2016.01.004

Cited by 88 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…HPA axis has been strongly associated with the shaping of immune responses and maintaining cellular homeostasis during inflammatory or stress conditions . Furthermore, it has been previously described that the level of 5‐hydroxytryptamine (5‐HT) (serotonin) in the brain, especially in the hippocampus, critically regulates the HPA axis . In the present study, we found that there was decrease in the levels of 5‐HT and dopamine in the hippocampus after 3 weeks of LPS administration (Supplementary figure 3a–c).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 64%

“…40 Therefore, we looked into the monoamine levels in the brain and observed a decrease in the levels of 5-HT and dopamine in the hippocampus of LPS-administered mice, there was also increased expression of the ido gene in the brain after LPS treatment which was reversed by fluoxetine supplementation, suggesting that LPS-induced sustained low-grade inflammation could induce variations in the serotonin biosynthesis pathway in the brain, which may in turn facilitate changes in the HPA axis as previously described. [25][26][27][28][29][30] Moreover, these alterations were successfully ameliorated by fluoxetine by its intrinsic ability to increase 5-HT levels in the brain.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…25 Furthermore, it has been previously described that the level of 5hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) (serotonin) in the brain, especially in the hippocampus, critically regulates the HPA axis. 26,27 In the present study, we found that there was decrease in the levels of 5-HT and dopamine in the hippocampus after 3 weeks of LPS administration (Supplementary figure 3a-c). We also noted an elevated expression of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (ido) gene in the hippocampus after LPS administration in mice, which was reverted to near normal levels after fluoxetine supplementation (Supplementary figure 3d).…”

Section: Fluoxetine Reverses Inflammation-induced Activation Of Thymomentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fluoxetine triggers selective apoptosis in inflammation‐induced proliferating (Ki‐67^high) thymocytes

et al. 2019

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Inappropriate functioning of the immune system is observed during sustained systemic inflammation, which might lead to immune deficiencies, autoimmune disorders and cancer. Primary lymphoid organs may progress to a deregulated proliferative state in response to inflammatory signals in order to intensify host defense mechanisms and exacerbate an inflammatory niche. Fluoxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, has recently been projected as an anti‐inflammatory agent. This study had been designed to evaluate the potential novel role of fluoxetine in reversing inflammation‐induced immune dysfunction. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration in Swiss albino mice potentiated a systemic inflammatory response, along with increased proliferation of thymocytes and peripheral blood mononuclear cells, as evident from increased Ki‐67 expression. The proliferative changes in the immune system were mainly associated with increased phosphorylation of PI3k, AKT and IκB along with elevated NFκB‐p65 nuclear translocation. The Ki‐67high thymocytes obtained from LPS administered mice demonstrated significantly low p53 nuclear activity, which was established to be mediated by NFκB through reduced nuclear translocation of p53 during LPS‐induced proliferative conditions, thereby blocking p53‐dependent apoptosis. Fluoxetine supplementation not only reversed the proinflammatory condition, but also induced selective apoptosis in the proliferation‐dictated Ki‐67high thymocytes possibly by modulating the hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal axis and inducing glucocorticoid receptor activation and apoptosis in these proliferation‐biased immune cells, authenticating a novel antiproliferative role of an established drug.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 64%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fluoxetine Reverses Inflammation-induced Activation Of Thymomentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fluoxetine triggers selective apoptosis in inflammation‐induced proliferating (Ki‐67^high) thymocytes

et al. 2019

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“…The changes in the neurotransmitters of rats exposed to CUMS were found to be significantly hindered by taurine pre-administration in the present study, the effects of which were similar to the clinical antidepressants that enhance the extracelluar 5-HT and the synaptic level of these neurotransmitters in the brain 44 , indicating that taurine may inhibit all the behavior disorders observed in un-treated rats exposed to CUMS by the directly regulation of these neurotransmitters. Further, since HPA hyperfunction could exacerbate the reduction in 5- HT, DA, NE, and the augmentation in Glu 45, 46 , taurine may also indirectly regulate 5- HT, DA, NE and Glu levels through its regulation of HPA activity. Additionally, because 5-HT, DA and NE takes effect in the hippocampus after combined to their receptors, their metabolites and receptors in the hippocampus should be investigated in future studies to illustrate the effects of taurine on the synthesis and secretion of these neurotransmitters.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antidepressant effect of taurine in chronic unpredictable mild stress-induced depressive rats

Ren

Tang

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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Depression, a psychiatric and dysthymic disorder, severely affects the learning, work and life quality. The main pathogenesis of depression is associated with central nervous system (CNS) dysfunction. Taurine has been demonstrated to exert protective effects on the brain development and can improve learning ability and memory. Our study investigated the antidepressant-like effects of taurine pre-treatment by examining the changes in depression-like behavior, hormones, neurotransmitters, inflammatory factors and neurotrophic factors in the hippocampus of a chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS)-induced depressive rat model. Taurine was found to inhibit the decrease of sucrose consumption and prevent the deficiency of spatial memory and anxiety in rats exposed to CUMS, suggesting a preventive effect of taurine on depression-like behavior. Furthermore, the decreased levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine, dopamine, noradrenaline; the increased levels of glutamate, corticosterone; and the decreased expressions of fibroblast growth factor-2, vascular endothelial growth factor and brain derived neurotrophic factor in depressive rats were hindered by taurine pre-administration. However, tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β levels were not significantly changed by taurine. The results demonstrated that the anti-depressive effect of taurine may be involved in the regulation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the promotion of neurogenesis, neuronal survival and growth in the hippocampus.

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“…Electroacupuncture and moxibustion have been commonly used to treat various psychiatric conditions, including MDD [13]. These treatments exert antidepressive activity by regulating the HPA axis [41], affecting the hippocampus, and influencing dopaminergic and/or serotonergic systems [41, 42]. However, there is little scientific evidence supporting the effectiveness of this combined therapy for MDD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electroacupuncture plus moxibustion therapy for patients with major depressive disorder: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Kim

Choi

Kim

et al. 2017

Trials

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BackgroundMajor depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the most prevalent mental health disorders and has a significant societal economic burden. Antidepressants and cognitive behavioral therapy are two primary interventions for the standardized treatment of MDD. However, their weaknesses, such as a low response rate, a high risk of adverse events from medication, and the high cost of cognitive behavioral therapy, have resulted in a need for complementary and alternative medicine (CAM). Among the various therapeutic interventions in CAM, electroacupuncture and moxibustion have been widely used to treat various mental illnesses, including MDD. The aim of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of conducting a full-scale randomized controlled trial to investigate the efficacy and safety of electroacupuncture plus moxibustion therapy for MDD.Methods/designWe will include patients between the ages of 19 to 65 years with MDD. A total of 30 participants will be recruited, and they will be randomly allocated into two groups at a 1:1 ratio. Patients in the treatment and control groups will, respectively, receive real and sham electroacupuncture/moxibustion treatments, for a total of 20 sessions over 8 weeks. The primary outcome will be the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, and the secondary outcomes will be Beck’s Depression Inventory, the Insomnia Severity Index, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, the EuroQol 5-Dimension Index, the Measure Yourself Medical Outcome Profile version 2, and electroencephalography. Adverse events will be monitored at each visit to assess safety. All outcomes will be assessed and analyzed by researchers blinded to the treatment allocation.DiscussionThis is a two-armed, parallel-design, patient-assessor blinded, multicenter, randomized, sham-controlled pilot clinical trial. Data will be analyzed before and after treatment and during a 4-week follow-up. The results of the trial will provide a basis for further studies assessing the efficacy and safety of electroacupuncture plus moxibustion treatment for MDD.Trial registrationKorean Clinical Trial Registry, CRIS-KCT0001810. Registered on 5 February 2016 (retrospectively registered; date of enrollment of the first participant to the trial: 2 December 2015).Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13063-016-1741-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Electroacupuncture regulate hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis and enhance hippocampal serotonin system in a rat model of depression

Cited by 88 publications

References 40 publications

Fluoxetine triggers selective apoptosis in inflammation‐induced proliferating (Ki‐67^high) thymocytes

Fluoxetine triggers selective apoptosis in inflammation‐induced proliferating (Ki‐67^high) thymocytes

Antidepressant effect of taurine in chronic unpredictable mild stress-induced depressive rats

Electroacupuncture plus moxibustion therapy for patients with major depressive disorder: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

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Electroacupuncture regulate hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis and enhance hippocampal serotonin system in a rat model of depression

Cited by 88 publications

References 40 publications

Fluoxetine triggers selective apoptosis in inflammation‐induced proliferating (Ki‐67high) thymocytes

Fluoxetine triggers selective apoptosis in inflammation‐induced proliferating (Ki‐67high) thymocytes

Antidepressant effect of taurine in chronic unpredictable mild stress-induced depressive rats

Electroacupuncture plus moxibustion therapy for patients with major depressive disorder: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Contact Info

Product

Resources

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Fluoxetine triggers selective apoptosis in inflammation‐induced proliferating (Ki‐67^high) thymocytes

Fluoxetine triggers selective apoptosis in inflammation‐induced proliferating (Ki‐67^high) thymocytes