Electroacupuncture suppression of a nociceptive reflex is potentiated by two repeated electroacupuncture treatments: the first opioid effect potentiates a second non-opioid effect

Pomeranz, Bruce; Warma, Neil

doi:10.1016/0006-8993(88)90028-5

Cited by 39 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…This result provides an explanation for the inconsistent therapeutic profile obtained in human clinical trials and suggests that EA treatment has a short-length therapeutic window. These results, together with those of other investigators 21,22 argue that repeated EA treatment is a more effective and appropriate method to achieve full therapeutic efficacy as compared to a single EA treatment. However, further study is still needed to clarify the potential antiinflammatory effects of EA in other animal models of inflammation.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

The Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Low- and High-Frequency Electroacupuncture Are Mediated by Peripheral Opioids in a Mouse Air Pouch Inflammation Model

Kim

Roh

Yoon

et al. 2006

The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

The Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Low- and High-Frequency Electroacupuncture Are Mediated by Peripheral Opioids in a Mouse Air Pouch Inflammation Model

Kim

Roh

Yoon

et al. 2006

The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine

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“…Due to the diverse biological activities and medicinal potentials of natural products, nearly every civilization has accumulated experience and knowledge of their use (Pomeranz and Warma, 1988;Rackley et al, 2006). More recently, Western pharmaceutical companies quickly began to prefer purified natural products as ingredients to make drugs rather than crude extracts (Yuan and Lin, 2000;Li and Zhang, 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Systematic Approach to Identify Metabolites for Herbal Homologs Based on Liquid Chromatography Hybrid Ion Trap Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry: Gender-Related Difference in Metabolism of SchisandraLignans in Rats

Liang

Hao²,

Xie³

et al. 2010

Drug Metab Dispos

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ABSTRACT:Metabolic research for herbal medicine (HM) is a formidable task, which is still in its infancy due to complicated components in HM, complex metabolic pathways, and lack of authentic standards. The present work contributes to the development of a powerful technical platform to rapidly identify and classify metabolites of herbal components based on a liquid chromatography hybrid ion trap time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Taking Schisandra lignans extract as an example, the metabolic studies were completed both in vitro and in vivo. In the in vitro study, metabolites for five representative Schisandra lignans were identified and structurally characterized. The major metabolic pathways were summed as demethylation, hydroxylation, and demethylation and hydroxylation. In the in vivo study, 44 metabolites were detected in rat urine. These metabolites were identified and classified rapidly according to the metabolic rules obtained in the in vitro studies, and hydroxylation was confirmed as the primacy metabolic pathway for lignans in rat urine. In addition, "relative cumulative excretion" (RCE) for the metabolites in female and male rats were calculated according to their relative intensities in the urine samples collected at 0 to 12, 12 to 24, and 24 to 36 h. As a result, great gender-related difference on RCE was observed. For most metabolites, RCE in female rats was significantly lower than that in male rats. In conclusion, the presently developed methodology and approach on metabolic research for Schisandra lignans will find its wide use in metabolic studies for herbal medicines.

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“…It has been demonstrated that the antinociceptive effects induced by EA twice in succession are markedly enhanced in the second EA at 90 min following the first EA. The first EA effect is opioid-mediated in the periaqueductal gray and the second response to EA is a non-opioid effect (17). The sympathoinhibition and analgesia induced by low-frequency transcutaneous nerve stimulation is not antagonized by naloxone, an opioid-receptor-blocking drug (14,15).…”

Section: Opioidergic Mechanism In the Periaqueductal Central Graymentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurobiology of Acupuncture: Toward CAM

2004

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

129

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It has long been accepted that acupuncture, puncturing and scraping needles at certain points on the body, can have analgesic and anesthetic effects, as well as therapeutic effects in the treatment of various diseases. This therapy, including acupuncture anesthesia, has drawn the attention of many investigators and become a research subject of international interest around the world. Numerous studies have demonstrated that the nervous system, neurotransmitters, endogenous substances and Jingluo (meridians) may respond to needling stimulation and electrical acupuncture. An abundance of information has now accumulated concerning the neurobiological mechanisms of acupuncture, in relation to both neural pathways and neurotransmitters/hormonal factors that mediate autonomic regulation, pain relief and other therapeutics. Early studies demonstrated that the analgesic effects of electroacupuncture (EA) are mediated by opioid peptides in the periaqueductal gray. Recent evidence shows that nitric oxide plays an important role in mediating the cardiovascular responses to EA stimulation through the gracile nucleus-thalamic pathway. Other substances, including serotonin, catecholamines, inorganic chemicals and amino acids such as glutamate and α-aminobutyric acid (GABA), are proposed to mediate certain cardiovascular and analgesic effects of acupuncture, but at present their role is poorly understood. The increased interest in acupuncture health care has led to an ever-growing number of investigators pursuing research in the processes of the sense of needling touch, transduction of needling stimulation signals, stimulation parameters and placebos. In this Review, the evidence and understanding of the neurobiological processes of acupuncture research have been summarized with an emphasis on recent developments of nitric oxide mediating acupuncture signals through the dorsal medulla-thalamic pathways.

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Electroacupuncture suppression of a nociceptive reflex is potentiated by two repeated electroacupuncture treatments: the first opioid effect potentiates a second non-opioid effect

Cited by 39 publications

References 13 publications

The Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Low- and High-Frequency Electroacupuncture Are Mediated by Peripheral Opioids in a Mouse Air Pouch Inflammation Model

The Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Low- and High-Frequency Electroacupuncture Are Mediated by Peripheral Opioids in a Mouse Air Pouch Inflammation Model

Development of a Systematic Approach to Identify Metabolites for Herbal Homologs Based on Liquid Chromatography Hybrid Ion Trap Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry: Gender-Related Difference in Metabolism of SchisandraLignans in Rats

Neurobiology of Acupuncture: Toward CAM

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