Electroanalytical characterization of clozapine at the electrified liquid–liquid interface and its detection in soft and hard drinks

Balamurugan, Thangaraj S. T.; Stelmaszczyk, Paweł; Wietecha-Posłuszny, Renata; Poltorak, Lukasz

doi:10.1039/d3an02188b

Analyst

2024

DOI: 10.1039/d3an02188b

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Electroanalytical characterization of clozapine at the electrified liquid–liquid interface and its detection in soft and hard drinks

Thangaraj S. T. Balamurugan,

Paweł Stelmaszczyk,

Renata Wietecha-Posłuszny

et al.

Abstract: Clozapine (CZ) is a prescribed benzodiazepine psychiatric drug, that is often possessed as an illicit drug associated with drug-facilitated sexual assaults (DFSA) due to its strong seductive capabilities. Hence, we...

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Cited by 3 publications

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Screen-printed electrode-based sensor for rapid ketamine determination: optimization and on-site application for seized drugs analysis

Stelmaszczyk,

Białkowska,

Sekuła

et al. 2024

Monatsh Chem

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This study investigates the electrochemical behavior of ketamine using an in-lab fabricated screen-printed electrode system and explores its potential application in quantitative analysis. Cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) experiments were employed to characterize the oxidation behavior of ketamine. Systematic optimization of DPV parameters, including pulse amplitude, pulse width, potential step, potential, and time accumulation for analyte preconcentration resulted in the selection of optimal conditions for quantitative analysis. The developed DPV method exhibited excellent linearity (R2 = 0.996) over the concentration range of 50–500 µM, with a limit of detection of 15 µM and a limit of quantification of 50 µM. Authentic samples analysis demonstrated the utility of the proposed sensor for quantitative analysis of ketamine in pharmaceutical products and seized drug samples. Overall, the developed sensor offers a promising tool for the rapid and accurate analysis of ketamine in various samples with potential applications in on-site forensic analysis. Graphical abstract

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Screen-printed electrode-based sensor for rapid ketamine determination: optimization and on-site application for seized drugs analysis

Stelmaszczyk,

Białkowska,

Sekuła

et al. 2024

Monatsh Chem

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Straightforward electroanalytical sensing of nitrate in cyanobacteria growth media at electrified liquid-liquid interface

Annalakshmi,

Balamurugan,

Czarny-Krzymińska

et al. 2025

Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical

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Current trends in rapid electroanalytical screening of date rape drugs in beverages

Balamurugan,

Kwaczyński,

Rizwan

et al. 2024

TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry

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Electroanalytical characterization of clozapine at the electrified liquid–liquid interface and its detection in soft and hard drinks

Abstract: Clozapine (CZ) is a prescribed benzodiazepine psychiatric drug, that is often possessed as an illicit drug associated with drug-facilitated sexual assaults (DFSA) due to its strong seductive capabilities. Hence, we...

Cited by 3 publications

References 50 publications

Screen-printed electrode-based sensor for rapid ketamine determination: optimization and on-site application for seized drugs analysis

Screen-printed electrode-based sensor for rapid ketamine determination: optimization and on-site application for seized drugs analysis

Straightforward electroanalytical sensing of nitrate in cyanobacteria growth media at electrified liquid-liquid interface

Current trends in rapid electroanalytical screening of date rape drugs in beverages

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