Electroanalytical overview: The detection of chromium

Ferrari, Alejandro García‐Miranda; Crapnell, Robert D.; Adarakatti, Prashanth Shivappa; Suma, B P; Banks, Craig E.

doi:10.1016/j.snr.2022.100116

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 210 publications

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“…Electrochemical methods are ideal to affect the oxidation change, reducing toxic Cr(VI) to Cr(III) without using stoichiometric reagents or generating secondary waste. Electrochemical methods are being developed to both detect Cr(VI) in water and to reduce toxic Cr(VI) to more benign forms. ,− Previous electrochemical methods had been confined to Cr(VI) reduction in highly acidic environments (pH < 3) and using mostly precious metal electrodes. ,,, We recently reported that inexpensive carbon electrodes can be effective for the detection and reduction of Cr(VI) in water using cyclic voltammetry . The reduction is initiated by a proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) process in a pH range from 3 to 6, in agreement with data reported on Au electrodes in acidic media .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Advancing Cr(VI) Electroreduction: A Redox Mediator to Catalyze the Electrochemical Reduction of Cr(VI) in Water While Preventing Fouling of Carbon Electrodes

Stern,

Abeythunga,

Elgrishi

2023

ACS Org. Inorg. Au

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Hexavalent chromium is a contaminant of concern and is found in drinking water supplies. Electrochemical methods are wellsuited to accomplish the reduction of toxic Cr(VI) to Cr(III). However, high overpotentials and plating of Cr(III) products on electrodes have stymied the development of efficacious purification methods. The Cr(VI) reduction reaction necessitates the transfer of multiple protons and electrons, which is accompanied by a high kinetic barrier. Following recent advances in the electrocatalytic energy storage community, we report that the use of [Fe(CN) 6 ] 3− as a small molecular electrocatalyst not only diminishes the overpotential for Cr(VI) reduction on carbon electrodes by 0.575 V, but also prevents electrode fouling by mediating solution-phase homogeneous electron transfers.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Advancing Cr(VI) Electroreduction: A Redox Mediator to Catalyze the Electrochemical Reduction of Cr(VI) in Water While Preventing Fouling of Carbon Electrodes

Stern,

Abeythunga,

Elgrishi

2023

ACS Org. Inorg. Au

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“…When Cr(VI) enters the human body through inhalation, ingestion or skin contact, it does damage to the respiratory tract, intestinal tract, kidney and liver systems, weakening the human immune, and so on 2 , 3 . The World Health Organization made a standard to limit the content of chromium in drinking water to 0.05 mg/L in 2011 4 . Thus it is necessary to detect the accurate contents of Cr(VI) in the environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, differential pulse voltammetry showed high sensitivity. Square-wave voltammetry (SWV) boasted rapid analysis, and chronoamperometry (CA) showed simplicity and suitability for field measurements 4 . While electroanalytical techniques offered compelling advantages for heavy metal sensing, including exceptional sensitivity, low detection limits, and rapid analysis, their implementation faces challenges.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of hexavalent chromium in aqueous solutions using laser-induced fluorescence from ion exchanged resin

Wu,

Xia,

Fang

et al. 2024

Opt. Eng.

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The chemicals with hexavalent chromium are potential carcinogens, and they may disrupt deoxyribonucleic acid transcription, causing chromosomal abnormalities. However, it is hard to quickly determine accurate hexavalent chromium contents in aqueous solutions due to weak signal and intense noise. We showed rapid determination of hexavalent chromium contents in aqueous solutions with high accuracy, based on laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy combined with selective enrichment of aqueous solutions using D301 resin. The adsorption time and pH values of the sample solutions were examined to effectively enrich the hexavalent chromium from aqueous solutions for the detection. The limits of detection of chromium (VI) were 0.0032 mg/L. The results showed that the combination of laser-induced fluorescence and Cr selective enrichment using D301 resin could accurately quantify hexavalent chromium contents in aqueous solutions.

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“…The latest review on analysis of hexavalent chromium involves electroanalytical methods [1] using different electrode platforms such as solid or screen-printed electrode -SPE, and various functional materials. Carbon nanomaterials, metal and metal oxide nanomaterials form the reference for electroanalytical testing procedure for the method validation and development as sensors detect the trivalent and hexavalent chromium ions systematically.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of Toxic Hexavalent Chromium (Cr6+) in Metal Components Present in Electronic and Electrical Materials with or without using Coordinating Ligands

Swarnabala,

Suresh,

Divya

et al. 2023

AJOCS

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The aqueous solutions of toxic hexavalent chromium have been analyzed using diphenyl carbazide (DPC) dissolved in organic solvents as a coordinating ligand since early nineteen hundreds. The chemistry is not clear due to the formation of an unstable, suggested organometallic complex, which is only An intermediary. The structure of the same could not be determined or is hypothetical even today with a further suggested, molecular structure in which instead of pi bonded delocalization of benzene rings expected to be as in sandwich compounds, electron empty d-orbital of hexavalent chromium facilitating the electron transfer and giving the observed color of the obtained complex as in inner field coordinating complexes. The electrical and electronic equipment requires the estimation of hexavalent chromium up to ~0.2 % (~2000 ppm) present in high chromium containing solid matrix, with DPC using standard International Electro-technical Commission (IEC) method. However, the visible yellow color can be directly measured on UV-Vis spectrophotometer with the hexavalent chromium stripped or leached out into acidic aqueous solutions from these materials using the known IEC method for leaching. The presence of interfering ions is ruled out with the leaching procedure given in it. Therefore, the stability of these aqueous acidic solutions containing hexavalent chromium was checked for 16 days. So that direct measurement can be done without DPC. Screws, Fork Pivot Bore and Rat Trap Box containing hexavalent chromium were analyzed and compared with and without DPC. It is noted that the analysis of these materials can satisfactorily be achieved easily or simply without adding DPC on UV-Vis spectrophotometer or any other organic ligands or using high-end equipment such as Ion Chromatography (IC).

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Electroanalytical overview: The detection of chromium

Cited by 11 publications

References 210 publications

Advancing Cr(VI) Electroreduction: A Redox Mediator to Catalyze the Electrochemical Reduction of Cr(VI) in Water While Preventing Fouling of Carbon Electrodes

Advancing Cr(VI) Electroreduction: A Redox Mediator to Catalyze the Electrochemical Reduction of Cr(VI) in Water While Preventing Fouling of Carbon Electrodes

Detection of hexavalent chromium in aqueous solutions using laser-induced fluorescence from ion exchanged resin

Estimation of Toxic Hexavalent Chromium (Cr6+) in Metal Components Present in Electronic and Electrical Materials with or without using Coordinating Ligands

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