Electroanalytical Sensing of Flunitrazepam Based on Screen Printed Graphene Electrodes

García-Gutiérrez, Enriqueta; Lledo-Fernandéz, Carlos

doi:10.3390/chemosensors1030068

Cited by 21 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…An identical behaviour was exhibited by all investigated compounds. In addition, similar observations were reported in the literature on the oxidation of benzodiazepine derivative flunitrazepam [15].…”

Section: Ph Dependency By CVsupporting

confidence: 87%

Electrochemical characterization of 1,5-benzodiazepine oximes in organic solvents

Rekovič¹,

Kosychova²,

Bratkovskaja³

et al. 2018

chemija

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Six novel 1,3,4,5-tetrahydro-2H-1,5-benzodiazepine oximes (1–6) were electrochemically characterized on a glassy carbon electrode by the cyclic voltammetry method in different solvents, at different pH values and varying the potential scan rate. The well-defined first anodic peak was observed in the solvents used and acetate buffer solution while the second oxidation peak was dimished or absent for all studied compounds. All compounds were irreversibly oxidized at positive potentials. The electron transfer process for all investigated compounds was controlled by diffusion. Oxidation potentials were dependent on the molecular structures of investigated compounds as well as on the solvent nature.

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Section: Ph Dependency By CVsupporting

confidence: 87%

Electrochemical characterization of 1,5-benzodiazepine oximes in organic solvents

Rekovič¹,

Kosychova²,

Bratkovskaja³

et al. 2018

chemija

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“…The voltammogram related to flunitrazepam-contaminated samples shows two important differences compared to the voltammogram of the control samples. First, a broad less intense peak between -0.2 and +0.2 V, which could be attributed to a redox process of 7-aminoflunitrazepam, 41 a pharmacologically active metabolite of flunitrazepam. The scan initiates at +1.0 V, promoting the oxidation of the amine group to hydroxylamine, which is back reduced to the amine, as described by equation 15, and giving rise to peak 1 (Figure 1b).…”

Section: Electrochemical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification Using Classification Analysis of Flunitrazepam in Necrophagous Larvae via Differential Pulse Voltammetry and Fluorescence Excitation-Emission Matrix (EEM) Spectroscopy

Lima¹,

Morais²,

Jales³

et al. 2018

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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The use of insects to identify drugs in a cadaver has often been explored in the field of entomotoxicology. There are accurate methods; however, they require a high cost and are very time-consuming. The objective of this study was to develop two methods based on differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and fluorescence excitation-emission matrix (EEM) spectroscopy to classify necrophagous larvae (Chrysomya megacephala, C. albiceps, Lucilia sp. and Cochliomyia macellaria) containing flunitrazepam. The voltammograms of larval extract samples were analyzed by principal component analysis (PCA), successive projection algorithm (SPA) and genetic algorithm (GA): linear and quadratic discriminant analysis (LDA and QDA). The EEM fluorescence data from larval extract samples were analyzed by 2D and parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) with LDA. These results suggest that DPV and EEM combined with chemometrics can be used as tools for the classification of flunitrazepam in fly larvae presenting innovative applications.

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“…Various studies have been reported which are claiming to produce a nail polish that will reveal the presence of "date rape drugs" such as Rohypnol and GHB by changing color in their presence. [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] (Students Develop Nail Polish That Can Detect Date Rape Drugs) ( Table 2). Table 1 International legal scenario…”

Section: Various Analytical Procedures Reported For the Determinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A contemporary facet on rohypnol: a date rape drug

Kanwal¹

2018

MOJT

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Rohypnol is the common name for a drug called Flunitrazepam, the slang term used is roofies. Rohypnol is believed to be most commonly used drug in commission of drug assisted Sexual assaults in the United States, the United Kingdom, and throughout Europe, Asia and South America and very popular in clubs and rave parties. This drug being colourless, odourless and flavourless is simply slipped in a drink, or mixed in any food supplement without being suspected and is used to robe, rape or harm people therefore infamously called as Date rape drugs. It is a strong hypnotic, a sedative ; an anticonvulsant; an anxiolytic ; an amnestic ; and skeletal muscle relaxant. Present paper concisely states about the effects of such drugs, scenarios, attempts to explore various analytical methods available & challenges regarding its analysis posed before the toxicologist and law enforcing authorities. This communication has been sourced from scientific literature available in electronic databases and traditional literature available.Citation: Jain P, Kanwal NK. A contemporary facet on rohypnol: a date rape drug.

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Electroanalytical Sensing of Flunitrazepam Based on Screen Printed Graphene Electrodes

Cited by 21 publications

References 25 publications

Electrochemical characterization of 1,5-benzodiazepine oximes in organic solvents

Electrochemical characterization of 1,5-benzodiazepine oximes in organic solvents

Identification Using Classification Analysis of Flunitrazepam in Necrophagous Larvae via Differential Pulse Voltammetry and Fluorescence Excitation-Emission Matrix (EEM) Spectroscopy

A contemporary facet on rohypnol: a date rape drug

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