Electroanatomic Left Ventricular Mapping in the Porcine Model of Healed Anterior Myocardial Infarction

Abstract

Electroanatomic mapping during sinus rhythm allows accurate 3D characterization of infarct architecture and defines the relationship of electrophysiological and anatomic abnormalities. This technique may prove useful in devising anatomically based strategies for ablation of ventricular tachycardia.

Correlation of Scar in Cardiac MRI and High‐Resolution Contact Mapping of Left Ventricle in a Chronic Infarct Model

“…The tissue to electrogram comparison would also be limited by the presence of partial volume effect and other MRI artefacts as well as the relatively lower resolution of the MRI voxels (1 mm 3 ). The unipolar voltages recorded from scar tissue were higher than what is expected from experience in human scars, but similar to voltages recorded from canine scars12 and comparable to values from porcine ventricles 13. This may have been due to the smaller extent of transmural scar and perhaps due to exclusion of noncontact electrograms as the system automatically excluded electrograms from more than 2 mm from the endocardial surface.…”

“…Five mongrel dogs weighing 20–25 kg were used for the chronic infarct model 9, 12, 13. The protocol was approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee at Cedars‐Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.…”

“…Epicardial scar measurements were made using the 5‐mm myocardial depth. A 5‐mm depth was chosen for the epicardial scar because in areas of transmural infarction, the myocardial depth varied from 5 mm to 10 mm, as is also evident from previous animal infarct studies 13. The resulting 3D signal intensity maps are referred to as the endocardial and epicardial LGE maps.…”

“…The low‐voltage area and endocardial scar were defined on the bipolar voltage map as <2 mV and <1 mV, respectively. These values were chosen based on previous animal experiments demonstrating endocardial bipolar voltages in relation to myocardial scar 12, 13…”

Voltage and activation mapping. how the recording technique affects the outcome of catheter ablation procedures in patients with congenital heart disease

“…[17][18][19][20][21][22] Most studies comparing unipolar and bipolar signals are based on animal experiments or computer simulation studies, and only a few clinical studies have been reported. [13][14][15] We evaluated the effects of the recording technique applied on voltage and activation map reconstruction in 4 groups of patients with and without CHD, using the 3D CARTO mapping system.…”