Electrocardiogram Abnormalities Associated With Metabolic Syndrome: The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos

Abstract

Background Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a prognostic cluster of physiologic risk factors that may develop into cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Electrocardiogram abnormalities (ECGA) can be instrumental in identifying the early stages of disease and may be associated with MetS in Hispanic Americans. Objective To explore the relationships between MetS and major and minor ECGA in the Hispanic population (Hypothesis 1) and determine whether gender-ethnic subgroups moderate these relationships (Hypothesis 2). Methods This secondary data analysis was conducted using large-scale data from the cohort study Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos ( N = 13,628; 59% women and 41% men). Major ECGA encompassed 9 abnormalities including pathologic Q waves and left ventricular hypertrophy. Minor ECGA were tested independently of major ECGA. MetS was classified into 4 categories delineating metabolic abnormalities and related medication use. Multinomial logistic regression and Hayes’ PROCESS macro were used for statistical analysis. Results Major ECGA were significantly associated with the presence of MetS and/or related medication use, whereas minor ECGA abnormalities were associated with MetS for participants who also took MetS-related medications only. Gender moderated the association between MetS and minor ECGA such that women with minor ECGA had a higher likelihood of MetS when compared to men. Conclusions Findings suggest that early recognition and associated treatment of major and minor ECGA can be important to prevent MetS and further morbidities in the Hispanic population.

The association between continuous metabolic syndrome score and its components with electrocardiographic abnormalities in community-dwelling older adults: the Bushehr elderly health (BEH) program

“…Conversely, other studies have reported that MetS and its components, especially waist circumference and blood pressure, were associated with ECG abnormalities in the overall population [ 5 , 6 ]. On the other hand, Richard et al (2023) reported that ECG abnormalities in women, compared to men, had a higher likelihood of developing metabolic syndrome [ 9 ]. Soflaei et al (2023) reported that an increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was negatively associated with ischemic ECG manifestations, while a significant positive association was observed only with an ST segment elevation [ 10 ].…”