Electrocardiogram pattern of some exotic breeds of trained dogs: A variation study

Mukherjee, Joydip; Das, Pradip Kumar; Ghosh, Pritam; Banerjee, D. P.; Sharma, Tripti; Basak, Debananda; Sanyal, Sagar

doi:10.14202/vetworld.2015.1317-1320

Cited by 16 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…This is the first study to assess the cardiac electrophysiological variables using a new lead system in Thai native crossbred horses. In the present study, the R wave amplitude was lower in the control group compared to the athletic group, which similar to the previous study that the R wave amplitude could be explained for the cardiac adaptation during athletic training [ 14 , 15 ]. The QT segment alterations suggest that the changes in cardiac repolarization and the cause of QT segment changes have not been specifically evaluated in the horse.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Assessment of cardiac variables using a new electrocardiography lead system in horses

et al. 2020

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Aim: The objective of this study was to assess a new lead system method to improve electrocardiographic measurement in horses. Materials and Methods: Twenty-two horses with an average age of 8.8±0.8 years were enrolled in this study. Horses were divided into two groups, consisting of a control group (n=11) and athlete group (n=11). Electrocardiography (ECG) and echocardiography were performed to provide information on the structure and function of the heart. Two lead systems, base apex and modified precordial leads, were used for the electrocardiogram to assess the cardiac electrophysiological functions. Results: PR interval, QT interval, and QRS-T angle presented significant differences between the control and athlete groups when the modified precordial lead system was used. However, significant variations in the mean electrical axis were found when the base apex lead system was used. The modified precordial lead system resulted in more significant differences in cardiac electrophysiological parameters than the base apex lead system. In the athlete group, echocardiography showed cardiac adaptations such as increases in the left atrial and left ventricular dimensions and stroke volume and a decrease in heart rate in response to exercise and training. The observed differences in cardiac morphology and function between groups suggested differences in health performance in the athlete group. Conclusion: These data provided the first evidence that the modified precordial lead system improved statistical variation in ECG recording and provided the most reliable method for health screening in horses.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Assessment of cardiac variables using a new electrocardiography lead system in horses

et al. 2020

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“…In addition, large-sized dogs have enough atrial mass to induce atrial arrhythmias (AF) [15]. Effects of hot climate and exercise training might alter cardiovascular adjustments on different ECG parameters in some exotic breeds of trained dogs such as Labrador, German Shepherd, and Golden Retriever [16]. Moreover, breed differences in ECG parameters in healthy dogs have been reported, which may be due to variations in thoracic shape [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of breed, age, sex, and body weight on electrocardiographic parameters in military working dogs

et al. 2020

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Aim: This study aimed to investigate the effects of breed, sex, age, and body weight on different electrocardiographic parameters in military working dogs (Labrador Retriever and German Shepherd). Materials and Methods: Electrocardiographic recordings (paper speed = 25 mm/s and calibration = 10 mm/mV) were performed to obtain all the standard bipolar limb leads (leads I, II, and III) and unipolar augmented limb leads (leads aVR, aVL, and aVF). A total of 16 Labrador Retrievers and 14 German Shepherds were restrained manually in the right lateral recumbency without any tranquilizer or anesthetic drug. Amplitude and duration of P, QRS, and T wave, PR and QT interval, mean electrical axis, and heart rate were measured in each recording. Results: There was no significant difference in electrocardiographic parameters across breed and sex. However, QRS duration tended to alter by breed (p<0.1) in Labrador Retrievers (0.04±0.005 s), which is lower than German Shepherds (0.05±0.005 s). PR interval was influenced by sex (p<0.1). PR interval was higher in females (0.13±0.005 s) than males (0.11±0.008 s). In addition, electrocardiographic values were not significantly affected by age and body weight, except that the amplitude of R wave was statistically affected by age (p<0.05). A correlation was found between the decrease in R wave amplitude and increase in age of dogs. Conclusion: Different electrocardiographic parameters were within the normal range. A significant effect of age was seen on amplitude of R wave. However, the effect of breed, sex, and body weight was not significant on different electrocardiographic parameters in Labrador Retriever and German Shepherd dogs.

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“…Anatomical cardiac axis is different among dogs according to thoracic conformation, with narrow-chested dogs having the anatomical orientation of the cardiac axis inside the thorax more vertical in comparison to broad-chested dogs in which the cardiac axis is more horizontal [4, 7, 13, 15, 20]. Similarly, significant differences in MEA values have been reported between narrow and broad chested dogs [4, 9, 13]. Considering the dolicomorphic conformation of Doberman pinchers, the different MEA range of our study in comparison to standard reference range could be due to a different anatomical cardiac axis in this narrow-chested breed in comparison to general canine population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In clinical practice, an abnormal MEA may indicate variation of the cardiac axis, cardiac chamber enlargement or intraventricular conduction disturbances [20]. Previous studies stated that the MEA can be influenced by the shape of the thorax, with narrow-chested dogs having the anatomical orientation of the cardiac axis inside the thorax more vertical in comparison to broad-chested dogs, in which the cardiac axis is more horizontal [4, 7, 13, 15, 20].…”

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confidence: 99%

Left shift of the ventricular mean electrical axis in healthy Doberman Pinschers

Carnabuci

Tognetti

Vezzosi

et al. 2019

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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In canine electrocardiography, the reference interval of the ventricular mean electrical axis (MEA) is between +40° and +100°. MEA values in dogs can be influenced by the patient position as well as by the shape of the thorax. The aim of this study was to evaluate the MEA in healthy Doberman Pinschers, hypothesizing that some present a left shift of the MEA. In this retrospective study, 41 healthy, client-owned Doberman Pinschers were included. Echocardiography and standard six-lead ECG examination were performed in all dogs. The MEA was calculated using the isoelectric method. The morphology of the QRS complex and the Q/R ratio in lead II were also evaluated. The median MEA was +45° and ranged from −45° to +90°. MEA was deviated in 16/41 dogs (39%), all presenting a left axis deviation (range, −45° to + 30°). Age was significantly associated with the MEA ( P =0.008), showing a negative linear correlation. A deep Q wave in lead II was present in 26/41 (63%) dogs. The Q/R ratio was higher in dogs presenting left shift of the MEA (0.66; range, 0.28–1.35) in comparison to dogs with a MEA within reference range (0.44; range, 0.04–0.73; P <0.001). In conclusion, a significant number of healthy Doberman Pinschers present a left shift of the MEA compare to the reference range, and dogs with MEA deviation show a higher Q/R ratio in lead II. This data should be considered when electrocardiographic evaluation is performed in Doberman Pinschers.

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Electrocardiogram pattern of some exotic breeds of trained dogs: A variation study

Cited by 16 publications

References 15 publications

Assessment of cardiac variables using a new electrocardiography lead system in horses

Assessment of cardiac variables using a new electrocardiography lead system in horses

The effects of breed, age, sex, and body weight on electrocardiographic parameters in military working dogs

Left shift of the ventricular mean electrical axis in healthy Doberman Pinschers

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