Overview
Patients with malignant diseases often have coexisting cardiovascular disorders or may face serious cardiovascular complications in the course of their disease. The disorders may result from underlying conditions such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, or valvular abnormalities, or they may result directly from cancer or its treatment (Table 1). In addition, cardiovascular disorders that are unusual in patients not afflicted with cancer may be more common in the cancer patient and sometimes are unsuspected. Furthermore, cardiovascular diseases common in the general population must not be overlooked in patients with cancer; the presentation of such entities may be unusual, and the diagnosis often is more complex. Increased clinical scrutiny is therefore necessary in this vulnerable population. Multiple clinical problems may also coexist and defy a simple illumination because of the complex interactions between the malignancy, its treatment, and the cardiovascular system; what affects one often alters the presentation and course of the others. This chapter will look at some of the more common cardiovascular complications of cancer and its treatment, and will also address some of the dilemmas encountered in cancer patients with concomitant cardiac conditions.