Electrocardiography of the normal domestic pet rabbit

Lord, Brigitte; Boswood, Adrian; Petrie, Aviva

doi:10.1136/vr.c3212

Cited by 36 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 11 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…In the frontal plane of these pacas it was between 26° and 41° corresponding to the values reported by Szabuniewicz et al (1971Szabuniewicz et al ( , 1978 and Dudás--Györki et al (2011) in rabbits, capybaras and ferrets; however was different from reports in Brazilian agouti (Diniz et al 2013). These variations can be explained by thoracic conformations differences between animals as described by Lord et al (2010) and Tilley (1992).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Electrocardiographic exam in female spotted pacas (Cuniculus paca)

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

RESUMO.-[Exame eletrocardiográfico em pacas fême-as (Cuniculus paca).]Considerando a limitada informação sobre a fisiologia cardíaca em roedores neotropicais e a importância desta informação para estudos fisiopatológicos e de conservação desta espécie, objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar a atividade elétrica cardíaca de pacas saudáveis mantidas em cativeiro, sob restrição química, devido à natureza selvagem destes animais. Onze fêmeas adultas foram avaliadas clinicamente e por meio do hemograma e testes bioquímicos no intuito de descartar qualquer co-morbidade associada. Cada animal foi submetido a três períodos experimentais a cada 15 dias. Após a restrição química com Considering the limited physiological information available on neotropical rodents and the importance of this information for pathophysiological and conservation studies of these species, the aim of this study was to evaluate the cardiac electric physiology of healthy captivity spotted pacas (Cuniculus paca) under chemical restraint, due to wild nature of these animals. Eleven adult female pacas were evaluated by blood count and biochemical dosage to rule out any associate disease. Each animal was evaluated in three periods every 15 days. After chemical restraint with intramuscular midazolam 0.5mg/kg and ketamine 25mg/kg, animals were subjected to a computerized electrocardiogram, where bipolar (DI, DII and DIII) and augmented unipolar leads (aVR, aVL, aVF) were obtained. Descriptive statistics were calculated for each parameter and built the confidence interval (CI) at significance level of 95%. The electrocardiographic examination was performed without difficult. ECG tracing in DII represents a QRS complex with positive polarity, preceded by a P wave of the same polarity and proceeded by T wave of variable polarity. Heart rate mean was 150±17 bpm, and cardiac electrical axis 33.4±21.9°. All animals showed sinusal rhythm. The ECG recording technique associated with chemical restraint was well tolerated, allowing quick acquisition of reliable ECG tracings with high repeatability, which produced sufficient results to determine the heart rhythm and suggest measures of ECG complexes duration and amplitude.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Electrocardiographic exam in female spotted pacas (Cuniculus paca)

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…T wave amplitude values for other animal species of the same size as non-anesthetized rabbits were about 50% lower than those found in this experiment. In contrast, non-anesthetized ferrets presented a value close to that of anesthetize agoutis [9,26]. This relationship is well studied in dogs and cats and it is considered that the T wave can measure up to 25% of the R wave in these species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…During exercise or stress, the QT interval decreases due to the natural production of catecholamines, justifying the differences in these values found for anesthetized and non-anesthetized agoutis [45]. In humans, this time is lower than several animal species such as dogs [47], rabbits [26] and non-anesthetized agoutis [7], being an indication of need of early repolarization for animals. This interval was shown to be smaller than for humans.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrocardiographic Pattern of Agoutis (Dasyprocta prymnolopha) Chemically Contained by the Association of Ketamine and Xylazine

Filho

Pessoa

Rodrigues

et al. 2017

Acta Scientiae. Vet.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background:The agouti (Dasyprocta prymnolopha, Wagler, 1831) is an existing wild rodent in almost all of Brazil, used as a biological model in several scientific studies. Veterinary cardiology has showed great advances in the diagnostic area due to the possibility of cardiac evaluation by non-invasive methods. For the practice of scientific or handling procedures in wild animals, chemical containment is essential. Thus, it is important to know the effect of anesthetic protocols on the cardiovascular system, observed through complementary tests, such as the electrocardiogram. The objective of this study was to describe the computerized electrocardiographic tracing of agoutis chemically contained by the association of Ketamine and Xylazine. Materials, Methods & Results: Eighteen male and female clinically healthy animals, aged among 2 years, submitted to digital electrocardiographic examination, were used. The device used to obtain the tracing was the veterinary electrocardiograph (Electrocardiogram Acquisition Module for Computer) -Brazilian Electronic Technology (TEB). The analysis was always made from derivation II (DII). Chemical containment was performed by the combination of Ketamine and Xylazine, intramuscularly. The results showed that the heart rate for males was on average 113.25 bpm, while for females the value of 124.60 bpm was observed, and there was no significant difference between the genders (P > 0.05). The mean weight of males was 2.31 kg and for females 2.28 kg; there was no statistical difference for this variable (P > 0.05). For the QRS duration of 46.14 ± 5.05 ms (males) and 44.66 ± 5.94 ms (females) and PR interval of 79.94 ± 12.01ms (males) and 84.29 ± 12.37ms (females), there was no statistical difference (P > 0.05). The amplitude of the R wave of 0.42 ± 0.31 mV (males) and 0.36 ± 0.22 mV (females) showed no statistical difference (P > 0.05). The T wave showed itself both negative (10 animals) and positive (8 animals), with amplitude measured at 0.24 ± 0.16 mV for males and 0.25 ± 0.10 mV for females (P > 0.05). The anesthetic protocol was well tolerated by the animals of this experiment, and there were no episodes of arrhythmias during the time of their monitoring. Discussion: Wild animals, in general, need chemical containment, with a view to reducing stress during scientific and handling procedures. The protocols established in this work can be used in future experiments which require a longer handling time. The values found for heart rate (HR) of anesthetized agoutis were lower than those for non-anesthetized agoutis, proving the influence of the stress during retention and the depressant cardiovascular effect of the anesthetic drug used. The electrocardiographic parameters and the tracing morphology of the agoutis were like the results found for anesthetized small rodents. The QT interval was higher in males than in females, justifying the fact that it could be influenced by variations in HR, which also showed superior results for males. Taking into consideration the morphol...

show abstract

“…Nowadays, knowledge about the incidence, diagnosis and treatment of cardiac diseases in pet rabbits is lacking, although cardiomyopathy is a frequent finding in older or laboratory rabbits (Pariaut, 2009;Lennox, 2010;Lord et al, 2010). In cardiac diseases, electrocardiography is an essential technique to determine heart status.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Owing to the fact that rabbits have a thin skin, toothless alligator clips should be used (Turner Giannico et al, 2015) or with the teeth bent outwards (Lord et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrocardiographic reference values for healthy Netherland Dwarf rabbits and the influence of body position, age and gender

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The aim of this study was to provide reference values for a single, popular breed of pet rabbit. Moreover, additional objectives were to determine whether sex, body position or age alter Netherland Dwarf rabbit electrocardiographic variables and whether the use of electrocardiographic filters affects those variables. Forty Netherland Dwarf rabbits were examined clinically and standard six-lead electrocardiograms (ECGs) were recorded in sternal and then dorsal recumbency. At first power-line and anti-drift filters were used and then they were disabled. The following variables were measured in lead II: heart rate; P wave duration and amplitude; P-R interval; QRS duration; R wave amplitude (with and without filters); Q-T interval; T wave duration and amplitude; S-T segment; J-T duration; and mean electrical axis (MEA) (with and without filters). MEA was determined by 3 different methods. After statistical processing of the data, our results showed that there were no significant differences between both recumbencies, with the exception of the J-T duration, which was higher in dorsal recumbency. The R wave amplitude using electrocardiographic filters showed significant differences between males (0.083 mV) and females (0.115 mV; P<0.05); and between younger rabbits (0.108 mV) and older rabbits (0.097 mV; P<0.05). These differences were not shown between R waves with filters disabled. Moreover, the strongest correlation was between 2 MEA methods without filters. MEA was more leftward in the pet rabbit than in other species (dog or cats). In conclusion, electrocardiography recording without electrocardiographic filters should be assessed when it is possible, and the specific ECGs characteristics for Netherland Dwarf rabbit should be taken into account.

show abstract

Electrocardiography of the normal domestic pet rabbit

Cited by 36 publications

References 11 publications

Electrocardiographic exam in female spotted pacas (Cuniculus paca)

Electrocardiographic exam in female spotted pacas (Cuniculus paca)

Electrocardiographic Pattern of Agoutis (Dasyprocta prymnolopha) Chemically Contained by the Association of Ketamine and Xylazine

Electrocardiographic reference values for healthy Netherland Dwarf rabbits and the influence of body position, age and gender

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About