Electrocatalysts based on low amounts of palladium combined with tin nanoparticles and cerium dioxide nanorods for application as ADEFC anodes

Influence of the electrocatalyst layer thickness on alkaline DEFC performance

“…41,42,44 Other peaks of the KOH and EtOH mixture, such as the broad high peak between 3600 and 3000 cm −1 (O–H stretching), which is overlaid by the band between 3000 and 2800 cm −1 (C–H stretching), the water peak 1630 cm −1 (bending vibration), and the two smaller peaks at 1600–1200 cm −1 (C–H bending vibration) and at 880 cm −1 (C–C stretching) would not have been feasible for the determination, due to partial overlapping with possible products, such as acetate (1550 cm −1 , 1415 cm −1 , 1348 cm −1 and 1018 cm −1 ), carbonate (1390 cm −1 and 880 cm −1 ) or acetaldehyde (1640 cm −1 and 926 cm −1 ). 41–48,63,64…”

“…41,42,44 Other peaks of the KOH and EtOH mixture, such as the broad high peak between 3600 and 3000 cm −1 (O-H stretching), which is overlaid by the band between 3000 and 2800 cm −1 (C-H stretching), the water peak 1630 cm −1 (bending vibration), and the two smaller peaks at 1600-1200 cm −1 (C-H bending vibration) and at 880 cm −1 (C-C stretching) would not have been feasible for the determination, due to partial overlapping with possible products, such as acetate (1550 cm −1 , 1415 cm −1 , 1348 cm −1 and 1018 cm −1 ), carbonate (1390 cm −1 and 880 cm −1 ) or acetaldehyde (1640 cm −1 and 926 cm −1 ). [41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48]63,64 The peak heights of the symmetric and asymmetric C-O stretching double peaks of EtOH are directly proportional to the concentration of EtOH, as well as the area obtained by integration and thus useable for the calibration line and determination (Fig. S3 †).…”

“…During these measurements, the crossover, resulting products or ethanol consumption have been determined with ion exchange chromatography (IC), gas chromatography (GC) or FT-Raman measurements in the literature. 45–51…”

“…During these measurements, the crossover, resulting products or ethanol consumption have been determined with ion exchange chromatography (IC), gas chromatography (GC) or FT-Raman measurements in the literature. [45][46][47][48][49][50][51] In this study, the inuence of layer thickness on the performance of the EOR and ORR in an alkaline medium and resistance was investigated. For this purpose, half-cell measurements of varying anode and cathode thicknesses were performed and the inuence on activity and electrochemical active surface area (ECSA) was investigated.…”

Competitive adsorption of oxygen-containing intermediates on ruthenium–tin solid-solution oxides for alkaline oxygen evolution

“…Herein, considering the identical cation valence, similar ionic radii, and analogous crystal structure of Sn and Ru oxides, 20 we aimed to incorporate Sn into RuO 2 to construct rutile ruthenium-tin solid-solution oxides. 21 More importantly, the incorporation of Sn, which is a highly oxophilic element with excellent *O adsorption capability, 22,23 mitigated the excessive adsorption of *O on Ru sites through competitive adsorption of *O between the Ru and Sn sites. Among the synthesized catalysts, Ru 0.6 Sn 0.4 O 2 , with optimized catalytic activity, only required a low overpotential of 245 mV to achieve a current density of 10 mA cm −2 , a low Tafel slope of 61.80 mV dec −1 , and an ultrahigh turnover frequency (TOF) of 0.3 s −1 at 245 mV, which were much lower values than those for commercial RuO 2 (311 mV at 10 mA cm −2 , Tafel slope of 66.64 mV dec −1 , TOF of 0.05 s −1 at 245 mV).…”