Electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 to formate using particulate Sn electrodes: Effect of metal loading and particle size

Formic acid synthesis using CO2 as raw material: Techno-economic and environmental evaluation and market potential

“…Laboratory research on the electro-reduction of CO 2 to FA aims at a continuous synthesis process; materials research is fundamental in the field, as for the electrode and solvent, as studied in Ref. [25,26].…”

Transferring Electrochemical CO2 Reduction from Semi‐Batch into Continuous Operation Mode Using Gas Diffusion Electrodes

“…Consequently, the triple‐phase boundary between gas, electrolyte, and catalyst where reaction takes place forms in the interior of the electrode and can be massively enhanced due to the high surface area of the support. The success of this approach has been demonstrated in several publications 28–31, amongst others in our previous articles 32, 33. Although the use of GDEs has shown to be indispensable and the potential of their optimization has been proven to be highly beneficial in other applications such as fuel cells or water electrolysis, more profound studies that focus on their preparation, characterization, and optimization for CO 2 reduction are still scarce 34–36.…”

Catholyte‐Free Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction to Formate

“…[2,[10][11][12][13] Despite these significant results,t heir kinetics of CO 2 Rconversion into formate is still limited by the low CO 2 concentration in electrolytes.I nr ecent years,s ome research groups reported remarkable improvement in the current density of CO 2 Rt of ormate using gas diffusion electrodes (GDEs) with metal nanoparticles. [5,[14][15][16][17][18][19] This type of electrode provides at hree-phase interface of gas/ electrolyte/ catalyst, in which the CO 2 molecules only have to diffuse through av ery thin liquid layer of electrolyte to reach the catalyst surface. [19] Castillo et al [5] achieved ah igh formate concentration of 2.5 gL À1 via continuous operation of a10cm 2 filterpress cell using Sn-GDEs under galvanostatic condition of 150 mA cm À2 .A lthough they obtained an enhanced performance over previous results,their method still suffered from ahigh cell voltage of 3.7 V, alow FE of 70 %, and the need for product separation from the catholyte.Acatholyte is the medium that not only provides dissolved CO 2 as ac athode reactant but also serves as apassage to transfer electrons and ions.H owever,t he use of catholytes causes as olubility problem, and it has to be removed, especially to recover liquid products,s uch as formic acid or formate solution.…”