Electrochemical advanced oxidation processes for wastewater treatment: Advances in formation and detection of reactive species and mechanisms

Ganiyu, Soliu O.; Martínez‐Huitle, Carlos A.; Oturan, Mehmet A.

doi:10.1016/j.coelec.2020.100678

Cited by 206 publications

(133 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Finally, even if the LOD reported in this work (1.05 µM) is slightly above the detection limit established by other materials (see Table 2 ), there is room for improvements; for example, the size of the electrochemical sensor which could be reduced, the use of other carbon-based modifiers [ 21 , 22 ] which could enhance its selectivity and sensitivity, and consequently, improving the LOD. Finally, integrated environmentally-friendly electrochemical technologies [ 15 ] could be proposed for removing and detecting pollutants by using sensors and advanced oxidation/reduction processes [ 15 , 47 , 48 ] because it is possible to design small portable devices for monitoring pollutants before and after their elimination from water which benefit the use of specific strategies in real time. In fact, regarding the treatment of the river water sample in which was detected a HCQ contamination, reported in this work, it could be treated by electrochemical oxidation technology [ 15 , 48 , 49 ] and monitored by using the cork–graphite-based sensor proposed here.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Green Composite Sensor for Monitoring Hydroxychloroquine in Different Water Matrix

et al. 2021

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Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), a derivative of 4-aminoquinolone, is prescribed as an antimalarial prevention drug and to treat diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, and systemic lupus erythematosus. Recently, Coronavirus (COVID-19) treatment was authorized by national and international medical organizations by chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in certain hospitalized patients. However, it is considered as an unproven hypothesis for treating COVID-19 which even itself must be investigated. Consequently, the high risk of natural water contamination due to the large production and utilization of HCQ is a key issue to overcome urgently. In fact, in Brazil, the COVID-19 kit (hydroxychloroquine and/or ivermectin) has been indicated as pre-treatment, and consequently, several people have used these drugs, for longer periods, converting them in emerging water pollutants when these are excreted and released to aquatic environments. For this reason, the development of tools for monitoring HCQ concentration in water and the treatment of polluted effluents is needed to minimize its hazardous effects. Then, in this study, an electrochemical measuring device for its environmental application on HCQ control was developed. A raw cork–graphite electrochemical sensor was prepared and a simple differential pulse voltammetric (DPV) method was used for the quantitative determination of HCQ. Results indicated that the electrochemical device exhibited a clear current response, allowing one to quantify the analyte in the 5–65 µM range. The effectiveness of the electrochemical sensor was tested in different water matrices (in synthetic and real) and lower HCQ concentrations were detected. When comparing electrochemical determinations and spectrophotometric measurements, no significant differences were observed (mean accuracy 3.0%), highlighting the potential use of this sensor in different environmental applications.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Green Composite Sensor for Monitoring Hydroxychloroquine in Different Water Matrix

et al. 2021

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“…At low current densities, the probability for a recombination of sulfate radical to persulfate is decreased. Independently in the absence of a transition metal, UV radiation, and temperatures >60 • C, the activation of persulfate to perform oxidation reactions of organic compounds is neglectable and was not an influencing factor for the performed degradation experiments [4,[33][34][35].…”

Section: Artificial Wastewatermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, anodes with high OVP show "non-active" behavior and enable complete organic oxidation. The ideal anodes for this purpose are made of SnO 2 , PbO 2 , Ti 4 O 7 , or boron-doped diamond (BDD) [4]. BDD anodes have high corrosion and electrochemical stability and a wide potential window for water discharge, resulting in high yields of hydroxyl radicals (•OH, Equation (1) [5]); therefore, reactors with BDD electrodes producing •OH are capable of mineralizing nearly every organic compound [2,6,7] and were, therefore, chosen for this study.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving the Treatment Efficiency and Lowering the Operating Costs of Electrochemical Advanced Oxidation Processes

Muddemann

Neuber²,

Haupt

et al. 2021

Processes

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Electrochemical advanced oxidation processes (EAOP®) are promising technologies for the decentralized treatment of water and will be important elements in achieving a circular economy. To overcome the drawback of the high operational expenses of EAOP® systems, two novel reactors based on a next-generation boron-doped diamond (BDD) anode and a stainless steel cathode or a hydrogen-peroxide-generating gas diffusion electrode (GDE) are presented. This reactor design ensures the long-term stability of BDD anodes. The application potential of the novel reactors is evaluated with artificial wastewater containing phenol (COD of 2000 mg L−1); the reactors are compared to each other and to ozone and peroxone systems. The investigations show that the BDD anode can be optimized for a service life of up to 18 years, reducing the costs for EAOP® significantly. The process comparison shows a degradation efficiency for the BDD–GDE system of up to 135% in comparison to the BDD–stainless steel electrode combination, showing only 75%, 14%, and 8% of the energy consumption of the BDD–stainless steel, ozonation, and peroxonation systems, respectively. Treatment efficiencies of nearly 100% are achieved with both novel electrolysis reactors. Due to the current density adaptation and the GDE integration, which result in energy savings as well as the improvements that significantly extend the lifetime of the BDD electrode, less resources and raw materials are consumed for the power generation and electrode manufacturing processes.

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“…In addition, direct anodic oxidation of organics (Org.) by electron transfer (equation ( 11)) could be realized to produce a product (P) [46]:…”

Section: Electrochemical Treatment Basics -In Briefmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical conditioning of recycled flotation wastewater for flotation results improving

Panayotova

Panayotov

2021

E3S Web Conf.

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Flotation of minerals, an important part of the chain of metals production for our society, needs huge amounts of water. This industry can contribute to the sustainable use of water and circular economy development by utilizing its own production wastewater. However, reuse of clarified water without additional treatment may cause worsening of flotation results. Electrocoagulation of this water with mild steel sacrificial anodes, complemented by electroflotation is able to decrease the chemical oxygen demand (COD) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) of the treated water, i.e. to remove at least partially the residual organic reagents. For the studied case 66 % of COD and nearly 32 % of DOC were removed by electrocoagulation with mild steel electrodes at energy consumption of 0, 458 kWh/m3. This warrants better results of lead-zinc flotation carried out with treated water, in comparison to the case of use of untreated water, and contributes to freshwater saving. Treated water ensured outcomes of lead-zinc flotation comparable to the results found at use of fresh tap water.

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Electrochemical advanced oxidation processes for wastewater treatment: Advances in formation and detection of reactive species and mechanisms

Cited by 206 publications

References 57 publications

Green Composite Sensor for Monitoring Hydroxychloroquine in Different Water Matrix

Green Composite Sensor for Monitoring Hydroxychloroquine in Different Water Matrix

Improving the Treatment Efficiency and Lowering the Operating Costs of Electrochemical Advanced Oxidation Processes

Electrochemical conditioning of recycled flotation wastewater for flotation results improving

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