Electrochemical and physicochemical properties of cyclic amine-based Brønsted acidic ionic liquids

Wu, Tzi Yi; Su, Shyh Gang; Lin, Yen‐Chung; Wang, H. Paul; Lin, Ming; Gung, Shr Tusen; Sun, I‐Wen

doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2010.09.084

Cited by 72 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The equivalent weight (V e ) of the DESs is measured from the experimental density using the equation V e = M/ρ, where ρ is the density and M is the molar mass. 34 In order to discuss the ionic behavior, the plot of the equivalent conductivity against the inverse of viscosity (Walden plot) for the phosphonium based DESs over a temperature range of 298-363 K is shown in Figure 4. When the conductivity is strongly correlated with the viscosity, the Walden rule can be written as follows:…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is important to establish a reliable viscosity database for electrochemical studies, due to its strong effect on the rate of mass transport within the solution that significantly affects diffusion of species in media such as ionic liquids. 34 The viscosity is usually influenced by the interaction of the salt to HBD and their ability to coordinate. The relative capacity to form hydrogen bonds, anionic species, size, higher alkalinity, van der Waals forces and the size of the cation can affect the viscosity values.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Temperature Effects on the Kinetics of Ferrocene and Cobaltocenium in Methyltriphenylphosphonium Bromide Based Deep Eutectic Solvents

Bahadori

Chakrabarti

Hashim

et al. 2015

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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The oxidation of ferrocene (Fc/Fc + ) and reduction of cobaltocenium (Cc + /Cc) under different temperatures has been studied by cyclic voltammetry and double potential step chronoamperometry in deep eutectic solvents (DESs) consisting of methyltriphenylphosphonium bromide salt with tri-ethylene glycol, glycerol or ethylene glycol as hydrogen bond donors. The temperature dependence of the measured physical properties of DESs (such as viscosity and conductivity) is discussed in detail. The kinetics of the redox couples are studied using cyclic voltammetry, and the standard heterogeneous electron transfer rate constant, k 0 is found to be of the order of 10 −5 to 10 −4 cms −1 at different temperatures. The diffusion coefficient, D, of Fc and Cc + is determined to lie between 8.28 × 10 −10 to 6.65 × 10 −9 cm 2 s −1 . These results show that both k 0 and D increase with temperature in the studied DESs. In addition, better kinetic parameters for the DES with ethylene glycol as hydrogen bond donor means that this could be evaluated favorably as both solvents and electrolytes for redox flow cells. In recent years, to overcome the toxicity and high price of ionic liquids (ILs), deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have been investigated as potential alternatives.1-3 DESs share many characteristics of conventional ILs (e.g., they have intrinsic ionic conductivity, low-volatility, biodegradability, high thermal and chemical stability, good electrochemical stability as well as non-flammability). In addition, they are simple to synthesize on a large scale.4-6 These properties have been explored for applications such as solvents for electrodeposition and electropolishing, 7-9 electrochemistry, 10 separation processes, 11 chemical and enzymatic reactions, 12 biochemistry 13 as well as organic and inorganic syntheses. 14,15 In its most common form, a DES is a eutectic mixture of an organic salt (ammonium or phosphonium) and a hydrogen bond donor (HBD), that is made up of different components such as amides, metal salts, alcohols, carboxylic acids and amines that may be used as complexing agents (typically an H-bond donor). 16,17 A DES has a melting point that is far below that of its individual constituents. This is because the complexing agent interacts with the anion and increases its effective size. This, in turn, decreases the anionic interaction with the cation thereby reducing the melting point of the mixture. 18Organometallic redox couples such as ferrocene/ferrocenium (Fc/Fc + ) or cobaltocenium/cobaltocene (Cc + /Cc) are frequently used as a standard reference for non-aqueous solvents in conjunction with a quasi-reference electrode (QRE) to control and evaluate electrode potentials. [19][20][21][22] Fc is often used as an ideal internal reference system for comparison of redox processes in different ILs, although Torriero et al. 23 indicate that the standard redox potential of Fc is dependent on the solvation effects of the solvent and supporting electrolyte used. Fc is often poorly soluble in some ILs, mostly in those with ...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature Effects on the Kinetics of Ferrocene and Cobaltocenium in Methyltriphenylphosphonium Bromide Based Deep Eutectic Solvents

Bahadori

Chakrabarti

Hashim

et al. 2015

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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“…To fix the position of the ideal dotted walden line from corner to corner of a square diagram in Fig. 7, the data for dilute aqueous KCl solution [47], comprising of equal mobilities of fully dissociated ions [48], were used. Another way used for calculating the α is the ratio of the temperature-dependent activation energies for viscosity and molar conductivity (α = E a,Λ /E a,η < 1).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The variation of log Λ vs. log η -1 is shown in Figure 7. For the ideal dotted walden line, the data for dilute aqueous 0.01 M KCl solution [47], comprising of equal mobilities of fully dissociated ions [48] were used.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Citric acid-based deep eutectic solvents: Physical properties and their use as cosolvents in sulphuric acid-catalysed ethanolysis of oleic acid

Troter¹,

Zlatkovic²,

Djokic-Stojanovic³

et al. 2016

Adv techn

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Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are noted to be green ionic liquid (IL) analogues, and their many favourable properties made them interesting for the scientific community. In this study, two novel DESs of citric acid with the monosaccharides D-glucose or D-fructose (1:1 molar ratio) were prepared and characterized. At the atmospheric pressure, the density, the dynamic viscosity, and the electrical conductivity of these eutectic solvents were measured and analysed as the function of temperature in the practical temperature range of 293.15-363.15 K. Arrhenius theory was employed for understanding the transport phenomena in these DESs. By using the experimental data, some important properties were calculated such as molecular volume, lattice energy, heat capacity, molar Gibbs energy, enthalpy and entropy of activation of viscous flow for the synthesized DESs. The fractional Walden rule was employed to establish the relationship between molar conductivity and viscosity, which proved an excellent linear behaviour.Finally, these DESs were tested as cosolvents in oleic acid (oA) ethanolysis. The investigated DESs possess many desirable properties, such as low vapour pressure, inflammability, biodegradability, and can be obtained from available renewable resources. These DESs showed to have the potential to be utilized for several industrial applications, like processing and separation of food constituents, pharmaceutical applications, and mediums for chemical reactions.

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“…Ionic liquids (ILs) are known to be environmentally benign media and ready to be used as hydrophobic electrolytes due to their non-volatility and excellent electrochemical stability [34][35][36]. The inherent properties of ILs such as high conductivity, a wide potential window, and air/moisture stability make them easy alternatives as chemically mild, stable electrolytes in the development of electrochemical and electrochromic (EC) devices [37][38][39][40].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical synthesis, characterization and electrochromic properties of indan and 1,3-benzodioxole-based poly(2,5-dithienylpyrrole) derivatives

Wu¹,

Liao²,

Chen³

2014

Electrochimica Acta

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Electrochemical and physicochemical properties of cyclic amine-based Brønsted acidic ionic liquids

Cited by 72 publications

References 27 publications

Temperature Effects on the Kinetics of Ferrocene and Cobaltocenium in Methyltriphenylphosphonium Bromide Based Deep Eutectic Solvents

Temperature Effects on the Kinetics of Ferrocene and Cobaltocenium in Methyltriphenylphosphonium Bromide Based Deep Eutectic Solvents

Citric acid-based deep eutectic solvents: Physical properties and their use as cosolvents in sulphuric acid-catalysed ethanolysis of oleic acid

Electrochemical synthesis, characterization and electrochromic properties of indan and 1,3-benzodioxole-based poly(2,5-dithienylpyrrole) derivatives

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