Electrochemical and Stress Corrosion Cracking Behavior of Alpha-Al Bronze in Sulfide-Polluted Salt Water: Effect of Environmentally-Friendly Additives

Ashour, Eman A.; Khorshed, Lobna A.; Youssef, G. I.; Zakria, Hossam M.; Khalifa, T. A.

doi:10.4236/msa.2014.51002

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…It is important to point out that different crack depth and crack width for internal SCC on carbon steels were reviewed. Thus, secondary cleavage cracks, nucleated cracks, intergranular cracks, stress corrosion cracks, longitudinally orientated cracks and shallow cracks, circumferential cracks, stress corrosion cracks, deepest cracks, orientated cracks, interdendritic and secondary cracks, shallow cracks, yielding stress corrosion, small and large cracks, yielding stress corrosion cracks, and stress corrosion cracks, propagated cracks, secondary cracks, cracks propagated trans-granularly were studied and reported in the literature [38,39,208,[211][212][213][215][216][217][218][219][220][221]. Moreover, mechanical properties for carbon steels can be affected by the hydrogen presence causing cracks on external pipeline surfaces by HIC [159,222].…”

Section: Parameters Reported In the Literature Regarding Internal Sccmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the Physicochemical, Mechanical, and Electrochemical Parameters and Their Impact on the Internal and External SCC of Carbon Steel Pipelines

et al. 2020

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The review presented herein is regarding the stress corrosion cracking (SCC) phenomena of carbon steel pipelines affected by the corrosive electrolytes that comes from external (E) and internal (I) environments, as well as the susceptibility and tensile stress on the SCC. Some useful tools are presented including essential aspects for determining and describing the E-SCC and I-SCC in oil and gas pipelines. Therefore, this study aims to present a comprehensive and critical review of a brief experimental summary, and a comparison of physicochemical, mechanical, and electrochemical data affecting external and internal SCC in carbon steel pipelines exposed to corrosive media have been conducted. The SCC, hydrogen-induced cracking (HIC), hydrogen embrittlement, and sulfide stress cracking (SSC) are attributed to the pH, and to hydrogen becoming more corrosive by combining external and internal sources promoting cracking, such as sulfide compounds, acidic soils, acidic atmospheric compounds, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, sodium hydroxide, organic acids (acetic acid, mainly), bacteria induced corrosion, cathodic polarization, among others. SCC growth is a reaction between the microstructural, chemical, and mechanical effects and it depends on the external and internal environmental sources promoting unpredictable cracks and fractures. In some cases, E-SCC could be initiated by hydrogen that comes from the over-voltage during the cathodic protection processes. I-SCC could be activated by over-operating pressure and temperature at flowing media during the production, gathering, storage and transportation of wet hydrocarbons through pipelines. The mechanical properties related to I-SCC were higher in comparison with those reviewed by E-SCC, suggesting that pipelines suffer more susceptibility to I-SCC. When a pipeline is designed, the internal fluid being transported (changes of environments) and the external environment concerning SCC should be considered. This review offers a good starting point for newcomers into the field, it is written as a tutorial, and covers a large number of basic standards in the area.

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Section: Parameters Reported In the Literature Regarding Internal Sccmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the Physicochemical, Mechanical, and Electrochemical Parameters and Their Impact on the Internal and External SCC of Carbon Steel Pipelines

et al. 2020

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“…Li et al [19] found that the sulphide resulted in embrittlement wear of Al brass and Cu-Ni alloy in seawater. The corrosion rates of Cu10Ni and Al brass, as well as the stress cracking corrosion susceptibility of Al bronze increased with the increase of SC in aerated 3.5% NaCl solution [15,20]. Taniguchi et al [21] also reported that in deaerated synthetic seawater, pure copper was susceptible to selective dissolution and intergranular attack at low SC (less than 0.005 M), whereas it underwent stress cracking corrosion at high SC (0.01 M).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Corrosion and Cavitation Erosion Behaviours of Cast Nickel Aluminium Bronze in 3.5% NaCl Solution with Different Sulphide Concentrations

Song

Tong

et al. 2019

Acta Metall. Sin. (Engl. Lett.)

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The effect of sulphide (Na 2 S) concentration (SC) on the corrosion and cavitation erosion behaviours of a cast nickel aluminium bronze (NAB) in 3.5% NaCl solution is investigated in this study. The results show that when the SC exceeds 50 ppm, the hydrogen evolution reaction dominates the cathodic process, and a limiting current region appears in the anodic branch of the polarisation curve due to the formation of a copper sulphide film, which is a diffusion-controlled process. After longterm immersion, the increased mass loss rate of NAB with the sulphide additions of 20 and 50 ppm is attributed to the less protective films, which contains a mixture of copper oxides and sulphides. Moreover, NAB undergoes severe localised corrosion (selective phase corrosion, SPC) at the β′ phases and eutectoid microstructure α + κ III . By comparison, NAB undergoes general corrosion and a copper sulphide film is formed in 100 and 200 ppm sulphide solutions. Cavitation erosion greatly increases the corrosion rate of NAB in all solutions and causes a negative potential shift in 3.5% NaCl solution due to the film destruction. However, a positive potential shift occurs in the solutions with SC higher than 50 ppm due to the accelerated mass transfer of the cathodic process. The cavitation erosion mass loss rate of NAB increases with the increase of SC. The occurrence of severe SPC decreases the phase boundary cohesion and causes brittle fracture under the cavitation impact. The corrosion-enhanced erosion is the most predominant factor for the cavitation erosion damage when the SC exceeds 50 ppm.

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“…Hence, organic inhibitors are widely used such as benzotriazole and their derivatives (BTAH). BTAH are widely used to inhibit the corrosion of copper and copper‐based alloys …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibitive effect of benzotriazole on the corrosion and corrosion fatigue of α‐Al bronze alloy in LiBr solution

Youssef

Meleigy

Khorshed

et al. 2018

Materials & Corrosion

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The effect of benzotriazole (BTAH) on the corrosion fatigue behavior of α‐Al bronze in 1 M LiBr solution has been investigated using reverse bending technique during testing it in LiBr/H2O system. The adsorption equilibrium estimated to be 1431.25 M−1 while the free energy of adsorption to be −27.968 kJ mol−1. The BTAH feature found to improve the fatigue life to a value near to that of α‐Al bronze in air. The optical and scanning electron microscopy for the α‐Al bronze for the fatigued in air, revealed that the fracture mode was transgranular and that the initiation and propagation was transcrystalline. α‐Al bronze fatigued in 1 M LiBr showed less fatigue resistance when compared to that of α‐Al bronze fatigued in air. The addition of 0.02 M of BTAH to 1 M LiBr increased the fatigue life and fatigue strength for α‐Al bronze where its fatigue behavior curve was close to that of air. The results demonstrated obviously a reduction of the corrosion fatigue resistance of α‐Al bronze in 1 M LiBr solution but it has a considerable increase in the presence of BTAH.

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Electrochemical and Stress Corrosion Cracking Behavior of Alpha-Al Bronze in Sulfide-Polluted Salt Water: Effect of Environmentally-Friendly Additives

Cited by 4 publications

References 26 publications

Analysis of the Physicochemical, Mechanical, and Electrochemical Parameters and Their Impact on the Internal and External SCC of Carbon Steel Pipelines

Analysis of the Physicochemical, Mechanical, and Electrochemical Parameters and Their Impact on the Internal and External SCC of Carbon Steel Pipelines

Corrosion and Cavitation Erosion Behaviours of Cast Nickel Aluminium Bronze in 3.5% NaCl Solution with Different Sulphide Concentrations

Inhibitive effect of benzotriazole on the corrosion and corrosion fatigue of α‐Al bronze alloy in LiBr solution

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