Speciation is known to control fundamental aspects of
metal processing
and electrochemical behavior such as solubility and redox potentials.
Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are an emerging class of green, low-cost
and designer solvents and are being explored as alternatives for recycling
nuclear fuel and critical materials. However, there is a lack of knowledge
about the behavior of metals in them. Here, for the first time, we
synthesized three new DESs based on alkyltriphenylphosphonium bromide
(C
n
PPh3Br), with varied alkyl chain lengths
(n), as the hydrogen-bond acceptor along with decanoic
acid (DA) as the hydrogen-bond donor and explored the redox speciation
of uranyl nitrate. The changes in the Fourier transform infrared and
NMR spectra helped elucidate the formation of hydrogen bonds in DES.
The absorption maxima of uranyl in DES was red-shifted by 10 nm compared
to the free uranyl, with concomitant increase in intensity and luminescence
lifetime, which suggested a strong interaction of uranyl nitrate with
DES. Cyclic voltammetry was probed to understand the redox thermodynamics,
transport properties, and heterogeneous electron transfer kinetics
of the irreversible electron transfer of uranyl ions in the three
DESs. Electrochemical and spectroscopic techniques together with density
functional theory calculations unlocked microscopic insights into
the solvation and speciation of UO2
2+ ions in
three DESs and also the associated unusual trends observed in the
physical properties of the DESs. The hydrogen-bonded structure of
DES plays a crucial role in the redox behavior of the UO2
2+ ion due to its strong potent complexation with its
components. The basic findings of the present work can have far-reaching
consequences for the extraction, electrochemical separation, and future
development of redox-based separation processes in the nuclear fuel
cycle.