Electrochemical Approach for the Synthesis of Ultrasmall Cu₁₃ Clusters and Their Application in the Detection of Endotoxin

Abstract

Ultrasmall metal nanoclusters are attractive for their size-dependent optical and electrochemical properties. Here, blue-emitting copper clusters stabilized with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) are synthesized using an electrochemical approach. The electrospray ionization (ESI) analysis reveals that the cluster has 13 copper atoms in the core. The clusters are then used for the electrochemical detection of endotoxina bacterial toxin in Gram-negative bacteria. Differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) is used to detect endotoxins with high selectivity and sensitivity. It shows a lower detection limit of 100 ag mL–1 with a linear range of 100 ag mL–1 to 10 ng mL–1. The sensor is efficient for detecting endotoxins from human blood serum samples.

Direct Electrochemical Sensing of Lipopolysaccharide by Graphene Nanoplatlets@Cytochrome c Hydrogel Using a Microfluidic Chip

“…The hydrophilic O-antigen and oligosaccharide part of LPS manages its interaction with water-containing solvents, and assists in easy immobilization of LPS in the porous hydrogel. [1,2] Cationic Cyt c molecules can directly interact with anionic carbohydrate portions of LPS through electrostatic interactions. [45] The equilibration of LPS under low potential (À 0.2 V) on the GNP@Cyt c hydrogel/SPCE plays an important role in binding.…”

“…While endotoxins are typically housed within the cell wall, a significant portion is consistently released into the surrounding medium during cell lysis and bacterial proliferation. [1,2] LPS is frequently found in bacterial-derived medicinal, food, and water products. LPS is thermostable, and it is difficult to remove its biological activity with frequent sterilization.…”

Target-Induced Electrochemical Sensor Based on Foldable Aptamer and MoS2@MWCNTs–PEI for Enhanced Detection of AFB1 in Peanuts

“…At present, the determination methods of AFB1 reported at home and abroad mainly incorporate HPLC (high-performance liquid chromatography), 14,15 ELISA (enzyme linked immunosorbent assay), 16 SPR (surface plasmon resonance), 17 SERS (surface-enhanced Raman scattering), 18 fluorescence, 19 colorimetry assays, 20 etc. Nevertheless, the poor portability, relatively high cost, and demand for a skilled operator have limited their applications for portable analysis.…”

“…Nevertheless, the poor portability, relatively high cost, and demand for a skilled operator have limited their applications for portable analysis. Electrochemistry has been widely used in various fields, due to their high selectivity and sensitivity, high signal-to-noise ratio, simplicity, miniaturization, low cost, robust analysis of liquid samples, and high feasibility for on-site application. − Moreover, electrochemical biosensors combine the high sensitivity of electrochemical conversion devices and the high selectivity of biometric systems for the quantitative and qualitative detection of substances . Aptamers are widely used in various biomolecular detection due to their affordable price, high specificity, easy modification, and other advantages .…”

Constructing perfect cubic Ag–Cu alloyed nanoclusters through selective elimination of phosphine ligands

“…Fortunately, metal nanoclusters have emerged as a swiftly advancing category of nanomaterials characterised by their atomically precise structures and diverse applications. 14–29 Furthermore, the morphology of metal nanoclusters, such as metal–metal bonds and metal–ligand interactions, can be precisely controlled through ligand exchange, 30–35 metal doping, 36–40 and other techniques. 41,42 Most importantly, single-crystal X-ray diffraction enables us to obtain atomic-level interface information, including the arrangement of doped metals within nanoclusters and the bonding modes between peripheral ligands and metals.…”