Electrochemical behavior of a laser microstructured fluorine doped tin oxide anode layer with a plasma pretreatment for 3D battery systems

Abstract

Fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) films with a thickness of about 3 micrometers were prepared by electron cyclotron resonance-metal organic chemical vapor deposition (ECR-MOCVD) under 800 W of microwave power, with tetra-methyl tin (TMT) as a tin precursor. The dome-shaped micro-patterned FTO layer was prepared on a copper current collector using a KrF excimer laser micromachining system for application as an anode for 3D lithium-ion batteries. Mild ECR plasma treatment at 600 W was carried out on the surface of the microstructured FTO anode, and the electrochemical characteristics were investigated with regard to the plasma treatment effects. The results show that physical properties such as the smooth and dense surface morphology and reduced surface oxygen functional groups of the plasma-treated samples enhanced the specific capacity, rate capability, and capacity fading. This was probably due to the reduction of side reactions, which may be closely related to the plasma treatment of the microstructured FTO layer. The ECR plasma treatment plays an important role in reducing the charging transfer resistance. In the experimental range studied, a higher specific capacity of 1425 mA h g À1 at a current density of 117 mA g À1 was observed, with capacity fading of 37.8% after 100 cycles for the plasma-treated microstructured FTO anode.

A new approach for rapid electrolyte wetting in tape cast electrodes for lithium-ion batteries

“…3,[8][9][10][11][12] A rather new technical approach is laser structuring of the active material itself for realisation of 3D architectures which has been realised for thin lm electrodes made of LiCoO 2 , LiMn 2 O 4 , SnO 2 or uorine doped SnO 2 . 4,[13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] For each type of electrode material a signicant improvement of specic capacity and cycle retention at high charging/discharging has been achieved due to laser patterning and laser annealing.…”

Electrochemical characteristics of fluorine-doped tin oxide film coated on stainless steel bipolar plates

“…We also found that the lattice constants of the thin film are, a = 0.4746 Å, c = 0.3194 Å, and the c/a to be 0.6730. It means that FTO deposited on the SUS316 has high corrosion resistance and excellent contact with the SUS316 surface because FTO is deposited on the SUS316 surface form high density film as the polycrystalline structures with the lattice constants of a = 0.4746 Å, c = 0.3194 Å [14,15]. Fig.…”

Surface micro-structuring of intercalation cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries: a study of laser-assisted cone formation

“…Unfortunately, this approach is unfeasible for each type of electrode system, in particular for thick film electrodes [9][10][11][12][13]. Therefore, laser direct structuring of the active electrode material has been developed for thin film electrodes made of LiCoO 2 , LiMn 2 O 4 , SnO 2 or fluorine doped SnO 2 (FTO) [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]. In a very recent approach, it was shown that laser-structuring can be applied for LiCoO 2 , LiMn 2 O 4 , LiNi 1/3 Mn 1/3 Co 1/3 O 2 and silicon composite electrodes with film thicknesses of 50 to 100 µm [24][25][26][27][28].…”