Electrochemical behavior of Nd in its pyrometallurgical recovery from waste magnet

Ryu, Hong-Youl; Lee, Sang-Kwon; Kim, Wan-Gou; Nersisyan, Hayk H.; Lee, Go‐Gi; Jo, Sung-Koo; Lee, Huk-Hee; Hwang, Il-Soon

doi:10.1007/s12598-014-0241-3

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Molten salt electrolysis is commonly used to recover Nd from permanent magnets using fluoride or chloride-based halide salts. For instance, Nd metal has been recovered from Nd-Fe-B magnet by a chemical reaction, described below, and then an electrolysis process (electrowinning) using a media composed of 10-64 wt% of NdF 3 in LiF at 860 • C in a controlled O 2 and H 2 O environment [36]. NdF 3 is synthesized by chemically reacting a magnet with HCl and NH 4 F followed by heating of the resultant NdF 3 at 700 • C to improve its crystallinity.…”

Section: Recovery Of Nd Via Pyrometallurgymentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Sustainable Methods to Recover Neodymium

Periyapperuma

Sanchez-Cupido

Pringle

et al. 2021

Sustainable Chemistry

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Neodymium (Nd) is one of the most essential rare-earth metals due to its outstanding properties and crucial role in green energy technologies such as wind turbines and electric vehicles. Some of the key uses includes permanent magnets present in technological applications such as mobile phones and hard disk drives, and in nickel metal hydride batteries. Nd demand is continually growing, but reserves are severely limited, which has put its continued availability at risk. Nd recovery from end-of-life products is one of the most interesting ways to tackle the availability challenge. This perspective concentrates on the different methods to recover Nd from permanent magnets and rechargeable batteries, covering the most developed processes, hydrometallurgy and pyrometallurgy, and with a special focus on electrodeposition using highly electrochemical stable media (e.g., ionic liquids). Among all the ionic liquid chemistries, only phosphonium ionic liquids have been studied in-depth, exploring the impact of temperature, electrodeposition potential, salt concentration, additives (e.g., water) and solvation on the electrodeposition quality and quantity. Finally, the importance of investigating new ionic liquid chemistries, as well as the effect of other metal impurities in the ionic liquid on the deposit composition or the stability of the ionic liquids are discussed. This points to important directions for future work in the field to achieve the important goal of efficient and selective Nd recovery to overcome the increasingly critical supply problems.

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Section: Recovery Of Nd Via Pyrometallurgymentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Sustainable Methods to Recover Neodymium

Periyapperuma

Sanchez-Cupido

Pringle

et al. 2021

Sustainable Chemistry

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“…This new process development is technologically challenging, but a single-step recovery of REEs from magnetic scrap is very attractive from an industrial point of view [13]. Various research groups are working on this topic [14][15][16][17][18]. Extraction processes are promising in that they are generally suitable to handle NdFeB scrap with variable compositions and contamination levels [19,20].…”

Section: Electronic Supplementary Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Ex-ante LCA Study of Rare Earth Extraction from NdFeB Magnet Scrap Using Molten Salt Electrolysis

Schulze

Abbasalizadeh

Bulach³

et al. 2018

J. Sustain. Metall.

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A new recycling process for the extraction of rare earths from neodymium-iron-boron (NdFeB) magnet scrap is being developed, based on the direct extraction of rare earths from end-of-life magnet material in a molten fluoride electrolysis bath. Rare earths are required in their metallic form for the production of new NdFeB magnets, and the suggested process achieves this through a single step. The process is being developed on a laboratory scale and has been proven to work in principle. It is expected to be environmentally beneficial when compared to longer processing routes. Conducting life cycle assessment at R&D stage can provide valuable information to help steer process development into an environmentally favorable direction. We conducted a life cycle assessment study to provide a quantitative estimate of the impacts associated with the process being developed and to compare the prospective impacts against those of the current state-of-the-art technology. The comparison of this recycling route with primary production shows that the recycling process has the potential for much lower process-specific impacts when compared against the current rare earth primary production route. The study also highlights that perfluorocarbon emissions, which occur during primary rare earth production, warrant further investigation. Keywords Rare earths Á Molten salt electrolysis Á Molten fluorides Á Recycling Á Ex-ante LCA Á Perfluorocarbon (PFC) emissions

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