Electrochemical behavior of zirconium in the LiCl–KCl molten salt at Mo electrode

Investigation on the reaction progress of zirconium and cuprous chloride in the LiCl–KCl melt

“…The chosen of the liquid alloy anode can not only reduce the operating temperature, but also expect to provide a low cost and semi-continuous process for production nuclear grade zirconium. The electrorefining and electrochemical process of Zr has been studied in various molten salt systems, including all-chloride baths such as LiCl-KCl-ZrCl 4 [2,[5][6][7], KCl-ZrCl 4 [8,9], all-fluoride baths such as LiF-NaF-KF-ZrF 4 and K 2 ZrF 6 [10,11], LiF-KF-ZrF 4 [3], LiF-CaF 2 -ZrF 4 [12] and chloridefluoride-mixed baths such as KCl-NaCl-ZrF 4 [13], KCl-NaCl-K 2 ZrF 6 [8,13,14], and LiCl-KCl-K 2 ZrF 6 [15] at temperature ranges of 450 C to 750 C. However, the operating temperature of the all-fluoride baths is 100 C $ 200 C higher, and the corrosion issue is more severe compared to those of all-chloride baths. In consideration of the melting point of liquid alloy anode and a moderate experimental condition, the Zr electrorefining process is proposed in LiCl-KCl-ZrCl 4 molten salt at 500 C in the initial stage of research.…”

Electrodeposition of Zirconium from DMSO Solution

“…Applying organic solvent in this process could be good solution to mentioned above disadvantages. Literature concerning zirconium deposition describes mainly investigations of electrolysis of molten salts process [1][2][3][4][5][6]. While, widely described is deposition of zinc, cesium, aluminum, magnesium, cobalt, antimony, germanium, cadium, Pt-Zn, Pd -Al alloys and silicon from ionic liquids [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19].…”

Investigation of Zr(IV) in LiF–CaF2: Stability with oxide ions and electroreduction pathway on inert and reactive electrodes

“…The zirconium electrochemical behaviour, in the form of chloride, has been widely investigated and no consensus on its reduction pathway in chloride melts has been found yet. Authors reported several oxidation states (0, +I, +II and +IV) due to a complex chemistry in chloride and in chloro-fluoride melts [17][18][19].…”