Electrochemical biochip for applications to wireless and batteryless monitoring of free-moving mice

Abstract

Abstract-A multi-sensing platform for applications in wireless and batteryless monitoring of free-moving small animals is presented in this paper. The proposed platform hosts six sensors: four biosensors for sensing of both disease biomarkers and therapeutic compounds, and two further sensors (T and pH) for biosensor calibration. Electrodeposition of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs) and the subsequent functionalization with proper enzymes is used to assure sensitivity and specificity in electrochemical biosensing. The realized sensors are demonstrated to be capable of measuring several parameters: lactate with a sensitivity of 77±26 µA/mM· cm 2 and a limit of detection (LOD) of 4±1 µM; glucose with a sensitivity of 63±15 µA/mM· cm 2 and a LOD of 8±2 µM; Etoposide (a well known anti-cancer agent) with a sensitivity of 0.15±0.04 mA/mM· cm 2 and a LOD of 4±1 µM; Open Circuit Potential (OCP) measurements are used on a Pt/IrOx junction to sense pH with a sensitivity of around -75±5mV/pH; while a Pt resistive thermal device is used to measure physiological temperature-range with an average sensitivity of 0.108±0.001 kΩ/°C.

Carbon nanotube biosensors

“…Deposition of the CNT-enzyme nanostructures onto the electrodes lowered the limit of drug detection to fit the therapeutic range even in human serum. Additionally, the same team synthesized a multi-array sensor platform by electrodeposition of chitosan/MWNTs to detect several endogenous metabolites (glucose, lactate) and drugs (etoposide, mitoxantrone and etodolac) simultaneously, whilst also monitoring pH and temperature for biosensing calibration (Baj-Rossi et al, 2014 ).…”

Carbon Nanotube Biosensors

“…Deposition of the CNT-enzyme nanostructures onto the electrodes lowered the limit of drug detection to fit the therapeutic range even in human serum. Additionally, the same team synthesized a multi-array sensor platform by electrodeposition of chitosan/MWNTs to detect several endogenous metabolites (glucose, lactate) and drugs (etoposide, mitoxantrone and etodolac) simultaneously, whilst also monitoring pH and temperature for biosensing calibration (Baj-Rossi et al, 2014).…”

A System for Wireless Power Transfer and Data Communication of Long-Term Bio-Monitoring

“…On the other hand, the present day VLSI technology and the most recent advances in bio-sensors development allow us to push toward multi-panel platforms that may monitor several endogenous molecules [8] also related to the animal metabolism, meanwhile the use of nano-structures integrated in the sensors allow better performance in the sensors [9] till reaching the ultimate quantum limit in the devices [10]. Along this line of research, it has been very recently presented a completely new, fully-implantable and battery-less device [11] that allows the telemetry of free-moving small mice and several endogenous and exogenous metabolites, including but not limited to glucose, lactate, and the drugs; metoxantrone, etoposide, etodolac.…”