ELECTROCHEMICAL BIOSENSORS: RECOMMENDED DEFINITIONS AND CLASSIFICATION^*

Abstract

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Rapid optimization of a lactate biosensor design using soft probes scanning electrochemical microscopy

“…Moreover, SECM has demonstrated its ability to screen combinatorial catalyst libraries [16,17] where the catalytically most active composition of a mixture of several materials can be identified in a single experiment and under identical experimental conditions. In a similar manner, SECM can also be applied for the elaboration and optimization of biosensors, which represent by definition immobilized biorecognition elements [18][19][20]. Hence, the immobilization of biomolecules is one of the key aspects in biosensorics and comprises nowadays the largest family of tools for chemical analysis.…”

Immobilization of cytochrome c on cysteamine-modified gold electrodes with EDC as coupling agent

“…Apart from this redox-active proteins are potentially useful in the development and fabrication of new kinds of biosensors or bioreactors [3,4]. Such studies can be performed by the so-called "protein film voltammetry", founded by Armstrong et al [5], in which proteins are either incorporated into various films [6,7] or in which they are crosslinked to each other to form a film.…”

Indirect Determination of Alkaline Phosphatase Based on the Amperometric Detection of Indigo Carmine at a Screen-Printed Electrode in a Flow System

“…Electrochemical immunosensors and immunoanalytical systems 12 that coupled the advantages of the high selectivity of the antigen-antibody reactions with the sensitivity of the different electrochemical techniques have found widespread application in research laboratories. 13,14 Some of the affinity devices reported recently made use of screen-printed carbon transducers either in batch 3,6 or flow 5,9,10 systems.…”