Electrochemical characteristics of NixN thin films deposited by DC and HiPIMS reactive magnetron sputtering

Herein, the synthesis, structure, thermal stability, and magnetic properties of Ni 4 N thin films are studied. Ni 4 N is difficult to synthesize in the correct chemical order and stoichiometry due to unfavorable thermodynamics. During the synthesis of Ni-N thin films, it is found that the substrate temperature (T s) is a critical parameter affecting the growth of a Ni 4 N phase. The Ni 4 N phase transforms into an amalgamation of [NiþNi 3 N] phases even if the T s rises just above 300 K. These results elucidate a correlation between atomic diffusion and T s. N self-diffusion measurements carried out using secondary-ion mass spectroscopy indicate that substantial N self-diffusion is occurring at low T s. A comparison of N self-diffusion coefficients in Fe-N, CoN , and Ni-N indicates that N self-diffusion in Ni-N lies between that of Fe-N and CoN and exhibits a greater correlation with the enthalpy of formation. A transformation from the cubic-to-tetragonal deformation in the Ni 4 N crystal lattice as a function of increasing N concentration is evident from the X-ray diffraction and X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy measurements. Magnetization measurements confirm a nonferromagnetic state of Ni 4 N at 300 K, which transforms into a ferromagnetic state at 15 K.

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“…[ 3 ] Ni–N compounds are also reported as a potential candidate as negative electrodes in the energy storage devices in recent years. [ 20–26 ]…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Structure, Thermal Stability, and Magnetism of Ni₄N Thin Films

Pandey

Gupta

Stahn

2020

Physica Rapid Research Ltrs

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“…Some other examples of metal nitrides that can be used in high-performance supercapacitor applications are MnN, LaN, Fe 2 N, RuN, CrN, WN, HfN, and NiXN [235][236][237][238][239][240][241][242].…”

Section: Niobium Nitridementioning

confidence: 99%

Electrode Materials for Supercapacitors in Hybrid Electric Vehicles: Challenges and Current Progress

et al. 2022

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For hybrid electric vehicles, supercapacitors are an attractive technology which, when used in conjunction with the batteries as a hybrid system, could solve the shortcomings of the battery. Supercapacitors would allow hybrid electric vehicles to achieve high efficiency and better power control. Supercapacitors possess very good power density. Besides this, their charge-discharge cycling stability and comparatively reasonable cost make them an incredible energy-storing device. The manufacturing strategy and the major parts like electrodes, current collector, binder, separator, and electrolyte define the performance of a supercapacitor. Among these, electrode materials play an important role when it comes to the performance of supercapacitors. They resolve the charge storage in the device and thus decide the capacitance. Porous carbon, conductive polymers, metal hydroxide, and metal oxides, which are some of the usual materials used for the electrodes in the supercapacitors, have some limits when it comes to energy density and stability. Major research in supercapacitors has focused on the design of stable, highly efficient electrodes with low cost. In this review, the most recent electrode materials used in supercapacitors are discussed. The challenges, current progress, and future development of supercapacitors are discussed as well. This study clearly shows that the performance of supercapacitors has increased considerably over the years and this has made them a promising alternative in the energy sector.

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“…On the other hand, the nickel nitride (Ni-N) is scariest among the late 3d TMNs as only a handful of reports are available. However, Ni-N are potentially important metallic compounds [34,35] as they have been reported to serve as negative electrodes in lithium batteries and energy storage devices [36,37,35,38,39], dye or quantum dot solar cells [40,41]. Ni-N compounds have been also found to exhibit superior (electro)catalytic activities in the reduction reactions and also demonstrated many other advantages over pure metals [34,42].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%