Electrochemical Characterization of Fluid Vesicles in Natural Waters

In Situ Amperometric Characterization of Liposome Suspensions with Concomitant Oxygen Reduction

“…Dropping mercury electrode had a drop-life of 2.0 seconds, flow-rate of 6.0 mg/s and the maximum surface area of 4.57 mm 2 . All potentials were referred to an Ag/AgCl (0.1 M NaCl) reference electrode, which was separated from the measured dispersion by a ceramic frit.…”

“…The significance of adhesion phenomena in single particle/ electrode interaction became apparent since the discovery of adhesion signals of vesicles in seawater samples at the mercury electrode [2,3]. By potentiostatic control of surface charge and tension, adhesion forces can be fine tuned to study the interplay of complex forces involved in surfaceactive particles (vesicles, microdroplets and cells)/electrode double-layer interactions [4,5].…”

Application of surface analytical methods for hazardous situation in the Adriatic Sea: monitoring of organic matter dynamics and oil pollution

“…Collision of gel microparticle with the flexible three-dimensional network, thus possessing a hydrophilic character, is detected also on the single particle level through specific dip-shaped signal (Svetličić et al, 2006;Ivošević DeNardis et al, 2007a). The dropping mercury electrode as an in situ sensor enables characterization of fluid SAP in the aqueous environment (Žutić et al, 1984Žu-tić and Legović, 1987) in terms of concentration, size, reactivity and hydrophobicity (Žutić et al, 1993;Kovač et al, 2000;Ivošević DeNardis et al, 2007b). Figure 3 shows the attractive interaction between an oil droplet and the charged electrode-seawater interface.…”

“…The abundance of non-living particles greatly exceeds the abundance of living microorganisms, algae and bacteria, and viruses. Major classes of non-living organic particles in euphotic layer are (i) colloidal particles (5-200 nm) collected by ultracentrifugation and observed under transmission electron microscopy Goldberg, 1991, 1993;Kepkay, 1994;Leppard et al, 1997); (ii) submicrometre particles (0.4-1 µm) detected by Coulter particle counters (Koike et al, 1990;Longhurst et al, 1992); (iii) surface-active particles (SAP; 1-500 µm) detected electrochemically (Žutić et al, 1984;Žutić and Legović, 1987;Marty et al, 1988;Svetličić et al, 2005Svetličić et al, , 2006Žutić et al, 2004); (iv) transparent exopolymeric particles (3-100 µm) detected by Alcian blue staining or spectrophotometrically (Alldredge et al, 1993;Schuster and Herndl, 1995;Passow, 2002;Radić et al, 2005;Villacorte et al, 2015a); and (v) protein-containing particles (2-500 µm) visualized by Coomassie blue staining (Long and Azam, 1996).…”

Mathematical model for kinetics of organic particle adhesion at an electrified interface

“…Three decades ago, Žutić and coworkers discovered surface-active particles as a new class of organic constituents in seawater based on the detection of their adhesion signals [1][2][3]. During adhesion and spreading, organic particles displace double-layer charge from the inner Helmholtz plane at the mercury/aqueous electrolyte interface, and transient flow of compensating current is recorded as a well-defined adhesion signal [4] (the so-called current transient).…”