Electrochemical characterization of polymer actuator with large interfacial area

Artificial Muscle Technology: Physical Principles and Naval Prospects

“…Kim and Shahinpoor have addressed this problem by solution recasting Nafion'"'** film to a thickness ranging firom 30^m to 2mm [75]. Noh et al also used a recasting method to make Nafion''"** membranes with much higher surface area [81].…”

Dynamic mechanical, electrical, and actuation properties of ionic polymer metal composites using PVDF/PVP/PSSA blend membranes

“…The higher current density of the Nafion-based IPMC sample might be due to its higher ionic and surface conductivities. It was reported in cyclic currentevoltage analysis that an increase in current density usually implies a greater energy storage ability, which determines an IPMC's actuation performance [17,45].…”

Performance enhancement of ionic polymer-metal composite actuators based on radiation-grafted Poly(ethylene-co-tetrafluoroethylene)

“…It has been reported that the performance of an IPMC is greatly dependent on the quality of the electrode, [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61] was denser and more robust than that of NF. The robustness of electrode layer, with less mud-cracked texture, was in proportion to the IEC of membranes.…”

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][42][43][44][45][46][47][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62] On the other hand, novel charged macromolecules tailored for high-performance as actuators have been recently highlighted, due to the possibilities for achieving the breakthroughs, 12 although they have been made only with partial success. [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]…”