Electrochemical characterization of rechargeable lithium batteries

Villevieille, C.

doi:10.1016/b978-1-78242-090-3.00007-9

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 158 publications

(190 reference statements)

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“…The set-up consists of an aluminum vacuum chamber where a Canberra PIPS detector is used to measure the energy of the emitted 3 H particles, as illustrated in Figure 1. All results are based on measurements on pouch cells (Gustafsson et al, 1992;Yu et al, 2006;Mohanty et al, 2013;Lv et al, 2018), also known as coffee bag cells (Singh et al, 2015), their flexible design allows the straightforward sealing of current collector window (Villevieille, 2015), as is also described in Zhang et al (2014). Also pouch cell type constructions are common practice in industrial applications (Trask et al, 2014).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Operando Neutron Depth Profiling to Determine the Spatial Distribution of Li in Li-ion Batteries

Verhallen

Wagemaker

2018

Front. Energy Res.

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Neutron Depth Profiling (NDP) allows determination of the spatial distribution of specific isotopes, via neutron capture reactions. In a capture reaction charged particles with fixed kinetic energy are formed, where their energy loss through the material of interest can be used to provide the depth of the original isotope. As lithium-6 has a relatively large probability for such a capture reaction, it can be used by battery scientists to study the lithium concentration in the electrodes even during battery operation. The selective measurement of the 6 Li isotope makes it a direct and sensitive technique, whereas the penetrative character of the neutrons allows practical battery pouch cells to be studied. Using NDP lithium diffusion and reaction rates can be studied operando as a function of depth, opening a large range of opportunities including the study of alloying reactions, metal plating, and (de) intercalation in insertion hosts. In the study of high rate cycling of intercalation materials the relatively low Li density challenges counting statistics while the limited change in electrode density due to the Li-ion insertion and extraction allows straightforward determination of the Li density as a function of electrode depth. If an electrode can be (dis)charged reversibly, data can be acquired and accumulated over multiple cycles to increase the time resolution. For Li metal plating and alloying reactions, the large lithium density allows good time resolution, however the large change of the electrode composition and density makes extracting the Li-density as a function of depth more challenging. Here an effective method is presented, using calibration measurements of the individual components, based on which the ratio of the components as a function of depth can be determined as well as the total Li-density. The same principles can be applied to insertion host materials, where the differences in density due to electrolyte infiltration yield the electrode porosity as a function of depth. This is of particular importance for battery electrodes where porosity has a direct influence on the energy density and charge transport.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Operando Neutron Depth Profiling to Determine the Spatial Distribution of Li in Li-ion Batteries

Verhallen

Wagemaker

2018

Front. Energy Res.

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“…Thus CXT has been used to visualize bone substitution by macroporous, interconnected and osteoconductive materials such as β-tricalcium phosphate (Jerban and Elkoun 2016). CXT is able to perform different in-situ time resolved experiments, while imaging (Villevieille 2015). This unique feature was explored by Ebner et al (2013) when visualizing and quantifying the occurrence and evolution of electrochemical and mechanical degradation when a battery is operating.…”

Section: Computerized X-ray Tomographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Macroporous Materials

Somo

Hato

Modibane

2021

Engineering Materials

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Macroporous materials (with pore sizes of > 50 nm) have received little attention in the literature mainly due to their complexity but their pore diameters comparable to optical wavelengths are predicted to have unique and highly useful optical properties such as photonic bandgaps and optical stop-bands. Herein, the current state of characterization of these materials using a set of three-dimensional imaging techniques: computerized X-ray tomography, 3D electron tomography, dualbeam electron microscopy and magnetic resonance imaging is discussed. Each technique could be characterized by ambiguities resulting from various parameters. Nevertheless, employing the above-mentioned techniques in parallel or even coupling them can improve their precision and eliminate ambiguities when characterizing macroporous materials.

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“…Although ex situ characterization of battery materials is an important step to understand their structure and reaction products, it only allows characterizing specific individual states of various samples. Therefore, ex situ studies leave many open questions about kinetics, ion-interaction and cell-degradation mechanisms, in addition to relaxation processes during transfer and analysis affecting the observed structure [27]. In contrast, real-time observation of phase transformations, morphological, structural and compositional variations during electrochemical cycling becomes indispensable to identify the intermediate metastable phases and understand the side reactions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%