Electrochemical copolymerization of o-toluidine and o-phenylenediamine

Bilal, Salma; Holze, Rudolf

doi:10.1016/j.jelechem.2006.03.039

Cited by 68 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…The deposition of different polymer films of identical thickness across the insulating gap is a problem associated with this technique. As described elsewhere [35], this problem can be solved mainly by adjusting experimental conditions (e.g. number of electrode potential cycles or time of electrolysis during deposition) to values resulting in comparable films with similar redox capacities, or -if it can be determined -film thickness as deduced from, e.g.…”

Section: In Situ Resistance Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical preparation and in situ characterization of poly(3-methylpyrrole) and poly(3-methylpyrrole-cyclodextrin) films on gold electrodes

Arjomandi

Holze

2008

Open Chemistry

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Electrochemical preparation and in situ characterization of poly(3-methylpyrrole) and poly(3-methylpyrrole-cyclodextrin) films on gold electrodes Abstract: A Electrosynthesis of conducting poly(3-methylpyrrole) (P3MPy) and poly(3-methylpyr role-2,6-dimethyl-β-cyclodextrin) (poly(3MPy-β-DMCD)) films on a gold electrode in acetonitrile electrolyte solution containing lithium perchlorate has been carried out by potential cycling. Products were characterized with cyclic voltammetry CV, in situ UV-Vis spectroscopy, and in situ resistance measurements. Electrosynthesis of poly(3MPy-β-DMCD) started with a (1:1) (3MPy-β-DMCD) supramolecular cyclodextrin CD complex of 3-methylpyrrole characterized with proton NMR spectroscopy. The oxidation peak of poly(3MPy-β-DMCD) in CVs is shifted to more positive values than P3MPy. In situ resistance measurements show that the resistance of poly(3MPy-β-DMCD) is higher than of P3MPy by approximately an order of magnitude. Minimum resistance can be observed for P3MPy and poly(3MPy-β-DMCD) at 0.40 < E Ag/AgCl < 1.10 V and 0.60 < E Ag/AgCl < 1.10 V, respectively. The higher resistance of P3MPy compared with polypyrrole may result from the presence of the methyl group substituent resulting in a decreased conjugation length. When CD is present during synthesis, resistance is even higher. In situ UV-Vis spectroelectrochemical data for both films prepared potentiodynamically by cycling the potential in the range -0.20 < E Ag/AgCl < 1.10 V in acetonitrile electrolyte show major effects of CD presence during electrosynthesis.© Versita Warsaw and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

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Section: In Situ Resistance Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical preparation and in situ characterization of poly(3-methylpyrrole) and poly(3-methylpyrrole-cyclodextrin) films on gold electrodes

Arjomandi

Holze

2008

Open Chemistry

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“…Thus, copolymerization could provide a convenient synthetic method and process for preparing new conducting materials with improved properties [28]. For the design of specific copolymeric systems and control of the degree of functionalization, it is important to be able to predict the copolymer composition, i.e., the relative proportions of each monomer constituent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Copolymer formation of 9-(2-(benzyloxy)ethyl)-9H-carbazole and 1-tosyl-1H-pyrrole coated on glassy carbon electrode and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy

Ateş

Uludag

Karazehir

2012

J Solid State Electrochem

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In this work, 9-(2-(benzyloxy)ethyl)-9H-carbazole (BzOCz) and 1-tosyl-1H-pyrrole (TsP) monomers were chemically synthesized and characterized by Fourier transform infrared reflectance (FTIR) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance ( 1 H-NMR) spectroscopy. BzOCz and TsP were electrocoated on glassy carbon electrode (GCE) in various molar fractions (X TsP 00.5, 0.83, 0.91, and 0.98) in 0.1 M sodium perchlorate/acetonitrile. The detailed characterization of poly (BzOCz-co-TsP) was studied by cyclic voltammetry, FTIRattenuated total reflection spectroscopy and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The effects of different molar fractions during the preparation of modified electrodes were studied by EIS technique. The AC impedance technique was used to determine the capacitive behaviors of modified GCE via Nyquist, Bode magnitude, and Bode phase plots. The highest low frequency capacitance value was obtained as C LF 023.94 μF cm −2 for X TsP 00.98. Therefore, synthesized copolymer has more capacitive behavior than its homopolymers, such as C LF 07.5 μF cm −2 for poly(BzOCz) and C LF 0 9.44 μF cm −2 for poly(TsP). In order to interpret the AC impedance spectra, R(Q(RW)) electrical equivalent circuit was employed with linear Kramers-Kronig test. A mechanism for electropolymerization has been proposed for copolymer formation.

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“…Recently, Holze et al [28,29] have reported the electrochemical copolymerization of OPD with o-toluidine (OT) and MT, respectively, both being substituted anilines, with various concentrations of OPD in the feed. The obtained homo-/co-polymers had been characterized using CV and in situ conductivity measurements, and it was found that the copolymers showed an extended electrode potential range of redox activity and good redox responses at higher pH-values in comparison with the homopolymers of POPD, poly(o-toluidine) (POT) and poly (m-toluidine) (PMT) as well as good electrochemical stability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<i>In Situ</i> UV–Vis Spectroelectrochemical Studies on the Copolymerization of Diphenylamine and <i>o</i>-Phenylenediamine

Zhang¹,

Hou²,

Lang³

2011

AJAC

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The in situ ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroelectrochemical study on the copolymerization of diphenylamine (DPA) and o-phenylenediamine (OPD) has been performed at a constant potential of 0.8 V using indium tin oxide (ITO)-coated glass electrodes as working electrode. And also, as a comparison, the electrochemical homopolymerizations of DPA and OPD have been investigated by using the in situ spectroelectrochemical technique. The intermediate species generated during the electrochemical homopolymerization of DPA and OPD, and the copolymerization of DPA with OPD have been identified by using the in situ spectroelectrochemical procedure. The results reveal the formation of an intermediate in the initial stage of copolymerization through the cross-reaction of the cation radicals of DPA and OPD, and the absorption peak located at 538 nm in the UV-Vis spectra is assigned to this intermediate. To further investigate the copolymerization of DPA with OPD, cyclic voltammetry (CV) has been used to study the electrochemical ho-mopolymerization of DPA and OPD and also the copolymerization of DPA and OPD with different concentration ratios in solution. The different voltammetric characteristics between the homopolymerization and copolymerization processes exhibit the occurrence of the copolymerization, and the difference between the copolymerization of DPA and OPD with different concentration ratios shows the dependence of the copolymerization on the concentrations of DPA and OPD. The copolymer has also been characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR).

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Electrochemical copolymerization of o-toluidine and o-phenylenediamine

Cited by 68 publications

References 40 publications

Electrochemical preparation and in situ characterization of poly(3-methylpyrrole) and poly(3-methylpyrrole-cyclodextrin) films on gold electrodes

Electrochemical preparation and in situ characterization of poly(3-methylpyrrole) and poly(3-methylpyrrole-cyclodextrin) films on gold electrodes

Copolymer formation of 9-(2-(benzyloxy)ethyl)-9H-carbazole and 1-tosyl-1H-pyrrole coated on glassy carbon electrode and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy

<i>In Situ</i> UV–Vis Spectroelectrochemical Studies on the Copolymerization of Diphenylamine and <i>o</i>-Phenylenediamine

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Electrochemical copolymerization of o-toluidine and o-phenylenediamine

Cited by 68 publications

References 40 publications

Electrochemical preparation and in situ characterization of poly(3-methylpyrrole) and poly(3-methylpyrrole-cyclodextrin) films on gold electrodes

Electrochemical preparation and in situ characterization of poly(3-methylpyrrole) and poly(3-methylpyrrole-cyclodextrin) films on gold electrodes

Copolymer formation of 9-(2-(benzyloxy)ethyl)-9H-carbazole and 1-tosyl-1H-pyrrole coated on glassy carbon electrode and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy

&lt;i&gt;In Situ&lt;/i&gt; UV–Vis Spectroelectrochemical Studies on the Copolymerization of Diphenylamine and &lt;i&gt;o&lt;/i&gt;-Phenylenediamine

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<i>In Situ</i> UV–Vis Spectroelectrochemical Studies on the Copolymerization of Diphenylamine and <i>o</i>-Phenylenediamine