Electrochemical degradation of aqueous alachlor and atrazine: products identification, lipophilicity, and ecotoxicity

Abstract

This work studied the electrochemical degradation of alachlor and atrazine (alone and mixed with each other) using a filter-press cell, a dimensionally stable anode (DSA Ti/Ru0.3Ti0.7O2), initial pH 3.0, and temperature at 25 °C. The best operational conditions for alachlor (0.33 mmol L-1) degradation were obtained by a 32 factorial design, in which the factors/levels were: NaCl concentration (0.05, 0.1, and 0.15 mol L-1) and current density (10, 30, and 50 mA cm-2). Thus, 93.1% alachlor removal and 71.2% mineralization were achieved using 0.15 mol L-1 NaCl and 30 mA cm-2. In addition, the initial degradation products (DPs) of alachlor and atrazine were identified by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Acute and chronic ecotoxicities for three trophic levels (fishes, daphnids and green algae) and lipophilicity (log D, pH 7.4) of the DPs were also estimated using the ECOSAR 1.11 and ChemAxon Calculator software, respectively. The present study showed that the electrochemical degradation is an efficient method for removing the herbicides alachlor and atrazine from water and that the DPs formed have lower pollution potential than their original compounds.

An Approach for Weed Detection Using CNNs And Transfer Learning

“…Often, the drawback and most criticized aspect of chemical weed control as a current cropping practice is their apparent harmfulness to the environment. Chemicals like alachlor, ametryn, and atrazine used in commercial pesticide products have been found near (or in) water resources adjacent to cropping areas due to their persistence and low biodegradability [5]- [7]. As a result, there are strong reasons to demand safer cropping systems with minimal environmental consequences.…”

Análise dos processos de eletro-oxidação simples e foto-assistido usando ânodo de mistura de óxidos metálicos comercial em meio alcoólico e atrazina como composto modelo

“…Foram propostos 4 subprodutos que não têm sido reportados anteriormente como II, IX, X and XI. Os outros subprodutos foram já mencionados na literatura (III, IV, V, VI, VII e VIII), detectados durante degradações de ATZ em meio aquoso (AQUINO et al, 2017;BORRAS et al, 2010;FURTADO et al, 2019;MCBEATH e GRAHAM, 2021;SAYLOR et al, 2018;SAYLOR e KUPFERLE, 2019;YANG et al, 2020) Com base nos subprodutos formados, o seguinte mecanismo de degradação foi proposto (Fig. 27).…”