Electrochemical degradation of tramadol hydrochloride: Novel use of potentiometric carbon paste electrodes as a tracer

Ghalwa, Nasser Abu; Shawish, Hazem M. Abu; Zaggout, Farid R.; Saadeh, Salman M.; Aldalou, Ayoub R.; Assi, Anwar A. Abou

doi:10.1016/j.arabjc.2010.12.007

Cited by 18 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Therefore, NaCl was chosen to be support electrolyte, which is one of the most important parameters affecting the EO. It was understood from the studies in the related literature that the presence of electrolyte in wastewater increased the conductivity of the wastewater and indirect EO .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electro‐Oxidation of Pistachio Processing Industry Wastewater Using Graphite Anode

Fìl

Boncukçuoğlu

Yılmaz

et al. 2014

CLEAN Soil Air Water

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In the present study, removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total organic carbon (TOC), and total phenols (TP) from pistachio processing industry wastewater was investigated using electro‐oxidation. COD, TOC, and TP removal efficiencies were compared considering stirring speed, support electrolyte types, support electrolyte concentrations, wastewater initial pH, and current density by using stainless steel cathodes and graphite anodes. Results showed that optimum values of operating variables, i.e., processing time, stirring speed, wastewater pH, current density, and support electrolyte (NaCl), were 5 h, 400 rpm, 3, 30 mA/cm2, and 1.25 M, respectively. Removal efficiencies of 99.79, 76.55, and 100% were obtained with these values for COD, TOC, and TP, respectively. Removal of COD, TOC, and TP increased with increased chloride concentration and current density at acidic pH.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The removal efficiencies for COD, TOC, and TP in presence of NaCl were calculated to be 47. 29,30.84, and 99.19%, respectively. COD removal efficiency was found to be 47.29% for NaCl and 43.44% for KCl.…”

Section: Effect Of Supporting Electrolyte Typesmentioning

confidence: 95%

Electro‐Oxidation of Pistachio Processing Industry Wastewater Using Graphite Anode

Fìl

Boncukçuoğlu

Yılmaz

et al. 2014

CLEAN Soil Air Water

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“…TRH is immediately absorbed following oral administration and reaches a bioavailability level of 65-70 % after the first pass metabolism 5 . Approximately 30 % of the parent drug is excreted through the urine without any change in the body and the rest 70 % through the kidney converted into metabolites 6 . Therefore, its determination in biological samples such as blood, urine, and serum are great importance because the results of analyses provide information about long-term abuse and can also be used for forensic purposes 2-6 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of tramadol in pharmaceutical forms and urine samples using a boron-doped diamond electrode

Keskin

Allahverdiyeva

Şeyho

et al. 2020

JSCS

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The present work describes the electroanalytical investigation and a novel voltammetric method for a cheap, fast and simple quantification of tramadol (TRH) using a boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrode. TRH displayed one well-defined, irreversible and adsorption-controlled oxidation peak at about +1.58 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) in Britton-Robinson buffer (BR, 0.1 mol L -1 , pH 3.0) using cyclic voltammetry (CV) technique. The voltammetric responses of the oxidation peaks are dependent on pH and its sensitivity was significantly enhanced in the existence of surfactant media (sodium dodecyl sulphate, SDS). In optimized experiment conditions, employing square-wave stripping mode, it was found that there was an excellent correlation between oxidation peak current and TRH concentration in the range of 0.25 to 50.0 μg mL -1 (8.34×10 -7 --1.67×10 -4 mol L -1 ), with a detection limit of 0.072 μg mL -1 (2.40×10 -7 mol L -1 ) in 0.1 mol L -1 BR buffer (pH 3.0) solution comprising 8×10 -4 mol L -1 SDS at +1.52 V (after 30 s accumulation at open-circuit condition). The developed approach can be used for the quantification of TRH in the pharmaceutical formulations and the spiked human urine samples with acceptable recoveries.

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“…However, since it affects the opioid receptors of the central nervous system, the excessive use of TR may lead to serious dependencies . For pharmaceutical samples analysis, several analytical methods might be utilized to determine TR , such as voltammetric methods . However, the use of conventional carbon‐based electrodes (e.g glassy carbon, graphite, carbon fiber and carbon paste) in voltammetric methods may present limitations regarding detectability and selectivity .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Molecularly Imprinted Poly(Acrylic Acid)‐MWCNT Nanocomposite Electrochemical Sensor for Tramadol Determination in Pharmaceutical Samples

et al. 2020

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A new voltammetric sensor based on molecularly imprinted poly(acrylic acid)‐MWCNT nanocomposite (MIP‐MWCNT) drop‐coated onto glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was developed and applied to tramadol (TR) determination in pharmaceutical samples. The voltammetric sensor prepared by suspension of MIP‐MWCNT at 1 : 1 (w/w) ratio show an improved performance compared to unmodified GCE. The electrochemical method is based on preconcentration of tramadol onto MIP‐MWCNT modified GCE surface at −1.5 V vs Ag/AgCl for 180 s in 0.1 Britton‐Robinson buffer (pH 8.0) at stirred solution. Upon preconcentration, the differential anodic voltammogram was recorded under the optimized condition giving rise to an analytical curve varying from 9.0 up to 30.0 μmol L−1 (R2=0.997) and limits of detection and quantification of 1.4 and 4.8 μmol L−1, respectively. The method precision was assessed in terms of intraday (n=6) and interday (two consecutive days) precision, giving relative standard deviations (RSD%) values between 2.8 to 7.4 %. Excipients usually found in pharmaceutical pills (magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose, starch, and silica) and paracetamol were evaluated as potential interferents, however no interference was evidenced in TR determination. The method applicability was evaluated by TR analysis in pharmaceutical samples. Moreover, the method accuracy was attested by comparison of addition and recovery assays with a reference technique (high‐performance liquid chromatography).

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Electrochemical degradation of tramadol hydrochloride: Novel use of potentiometric carbon paste electrodes as a tracer

Cited by 18 publications

References 32 publications

Electro‐Oxidation of Pistachio Processing Industry Wastewater Using Graphite Anode

Electro‐Oxidation of Pistachio Processing Industry Wastewater Using Graphite Anode

Determination of tramadol in pharmaceutical forms and urine samples using a boron-doped diamond electrode

Development of a Molecularly Imprinted Poly(Acrylic Acid)‐MWCNT Nanocomposite Electrochemical Sensor for Tramadol Determination in Pharmaceutical Samples

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