Electrochemical Deposition of Chromium Core−Shell Nanostructures on H−Si(100):  Evolution of Spherical Nanoparticles to Uniform Thin Film without and with Atop Hexagonal Microrods

Zhao, Liwei; Siu, A. C.; Pariag, L. J.; He, and Z. H.; Leung, K. T.

doi:10.1021/jp0757762

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Moreover, it was shown recently that electrodeposition might be used to prepare metallic particles of various shapes. For example, it was demonstrated that granular Cr nanoparticles or hexagonal microrods could be obtained depending on the deposition conditions,21 and the synthesis of tetrahexahedral Pd nanocrystals with high Miller Index facets was demonstrated using a pulse electrodeposition method 22. Likewise, it was shown recently that Pt nanowire with preferentially‐oriented {100} surfaces could be prepared through template‐assisted deposition, using an anodic aluminum oxide membrane 23…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly Porous and Preferentially Oriented {100} Platinum Nanowires and Thin Films

Ponrouch

Garbarino

Bertin

et al. 2012

Adv Funct Materials

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Highly {100} oriented Pt deposits were prepared by electrodeposition from a 10 mM HCl, 100 mM KCl and Na 2 PtCl 6 .xH 2 O electrolyte. The deposits were prepared in the form of thin fi lms and array of nanowires. A qualitative assessment of the proportion of {100} oriented Pt surfaces was obtained through X-ray diffraction measurements and cyclic voltammetry in 0.5 M H 2 SO 4 . The effect of the deposition potential, E dep , temperature of the electrolyte, T dep , platinum salt concentration [Na 2 PtCl 6 .xH 2 O], and nature of the substrate were investigated. It was shown that the proportion of {100} oriented Pt surfaces reaches a maximum for E dep = −0.35 V vs SCE. Moreover, this proportion increases steadily as T dep and [Na 2 PtCl 6 .xH 2 O] are decreased from 75 to 25 ° C and from 2.5 to 0.25 mM, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy micrographs indicate that the more oriented samples are made of pine tree-like structures that are effectively single crystals, and that the growth facets appear to be close to the {001} plane. This observation also clearly indicates that the plane exposed during the CV experiment is also {001}. As suggested by these micrographs, the fi lms and nanowires are highly porous and roughness factors as large as 1000 were obtained on highly {100} oriented Pt nanowires. The predominance of {100} facets is attributed to their energetically favoured growth in the presence of hydrogen, and is shown to be signifi cantly enhanced when the mass transport of Pt 4 + is limited. Due to the predominance of {100} facets, the normalized electrocatalytic activity ( μ A cm − 2 Pt ) for the electro-oxidation of hydrazine and ammonia is higher than non-oriented polycrystalline Pt by a factor of 4 and 2.7, respectively.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly Porous and Preferentially Oriented {100} Platinum Nanowires and Thin Films

Ponrouch

Garbarino

Bertin

et al. 2012

Adv Funct Materials

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“…TEM analysis) must be carried out to further support this outcome. Notwithstanding, it is worthy of mentioning that Zaho et al, 2 see Fig. 1 in this reference, reported the formation of quite similar Cr core-shell nanoparticles during the Cr electrodeposition onto H-Si(100) substrate from Cr(III) in aqueous electrolytes (10 mM CrCl 3 and 0.1 M NaClO 4 (pH ) 5.4-3.1).…”

Section: Ethalinementioning

confidence: 82%

“…Cr 2 O 3 NPs have been used to fabricate antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, anticancer, antileishmanial, antiviral, antidiabetic, photocatalytic agents, as well as in the manufacture of microelectronic circuits, sensors, solar energy collectors, and fuel cells. 1 Although chromium electrodeposition has been based on Cr(VI) or Cr(III) aqueous electrolytes for many years, 2 recently investigations have sought out new alternatives to avoid the toxicity that this process causes through release of Cr (VI) into other media, thus affecting human health and the environment. 3 Additionally, the narrow potential windows, electrodeposit embrittlement, poor current efficiencies, etc., are other disadvantages that must be considered when aqueous solutions are used.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrodeposition of Nanostructured Chromium Conglomerates from Cr(III) Dissolved in a Deep Eutectic Solvent: Influence of Forced Convection

Mejía-Caballero

Manh

Aldana-González

et al. 2021

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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In this work, Cr electrodeposition onto a glassy carbon rotating disk electrode (GCRDE) was studied from Cr(III) ions dissolved in the choline chloride and ethylene glycol eutectic mixture (ethaline) under different GCRDE angular speeds, ω, at 343 K. The ethaline kinematic viscosity, ν = 0.17 cm 2 s − 1 , was estimated, for the first time, from potentiodynamic plots under forced convection conditions, using the Levich equation. Cr electrodeposition was studied from the analysis of potentiostatic current density transients, j-t plots, recorded at different ω. This study was based on the model proposed by Hyde et al. (J. Electroanal. Chem., 534, 13 (2002)) for analysis of j-t plots due to 3D nucleation and diffusion-controlled growth under forced convection, j dc-fcon(t), complemented by a previous adsorption step, j ad(t), and the residual water reduction, jWR (t), taking place on the growing surfaces of the Cr nuclei; thus, j total (t) = j ad(t) + j dc-fcon(t) + j WR(t). The kinetic parameters, namely: nucleation frequency and number density of active sites for chromium nucleation onto the GCRDE showed small dependence on ω; however, the term j WR (t) clearly depends on the ω value. Scanning Electron Microscopy, Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy techniques were used to characterize the Cr electrodeposited on the GCRDE surfaces. It was observed that the electrodeposits were formed by quasi-spherical conglomerates (ca. 50 and 200 nm diameter for 0 and 1500 rpm, respectively) of nanoparticles (sized less than 30 nm diameter, in both cases). Moreover, these electrodeposits were formed by chromium and oxygen and its content increases with ω. These nanoparticles exhibit a core–shell structure, where the core was formed by metallic, zero valence chromium, and the shell of Cr(III) (as Cr(OH)3 and Cr2O3), which was consistent with the theoretical mechanism used for the analysis of the j-t plots.

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“…The ECM gets byproducts [11][12][13][14][15], which are hydrogen and sludge/cakes (metallic hydroxides or hydrated oxides) at a rate of 100-150 cm 3 per cubic centimeter of material removed in NaCl electrolyte [16]. Theoretically, these metallic hydroxides/hydrated oxides would have atomic sizes that could be used to extract metallic nanopowders and may be an effective byproduct for additive manufacturing industries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-Response Optimization of Electrochemical Machining Parameters for Inconel 718 via RSM and MOGA-ANN

Saha,

Mondal,

Čep

et al. 2024

Machines

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Inconel 718’s exceptional strength and corrosion resistance make it a versatile superalloy widely adopted in diverse industries, attesting to its reliability. Electrochemical machining (ECM) further enhances its suitability for intricate part fabrication, ensuring complex shapes, dimensional accuracy, stress-free results, and minimal thermal damage. Thus, this research endeavors to conduct a novel investigation into the electrochemical machining (ECM) of the superalloy Inconel 718. The study focuses on unraveling the intricate influence of key input process parameters—namely, electrolytic concentration, tool feed rate, and voltage—on critical response variables such as surface roughness (SR), material removal rate (MRR), and radial overcut (RO) in the machining process. The powerful tool, response surface methodology (RSM), is used for understanding and optimizing complex systems by developing mathematical models that describe the relationships between input and response variables. Under a 95% confidence level, analysis of variance (ANOVA) suggests that electrolyte concentration, voltage, and tool feed rate are the most important factors influencing the response characteristics. Moreover, the incorporation of ANN modeling and the MOGA-ANN optimization algorithm introduces a novel and comprehensive approach to determining the optimal machining parameters. It considers multiple objectives simultaneously, considering the trade-offs between them, and provides a set of solutions that achieve the desired balance between MRR, SR, and RO. Confirmation experiments are carried out, and the absolute percentage errors between experimental and optimized values are assessed. The detailed surface topography and elemental mapping were performed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The nano/micro particles of Inconel 718 metal powder, obtained from ECM sludge/cakes, along with the released hydrogen byproducts, offer promising opportunities for recycling and various applications. These materials can be effectively utilized in powder metallurgy products, leading to enhanced cost efficiency.

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Electrochemical Deposition of Chromium Core−Shell Nanostructures on H−Si(100): Evolution of Spherical Nanoparticles to Uniform Thin Film without and with Atop Hexagonal Microrods

Cited by 9 publications

References 23 publications

Highly Porous and Preferentially Oriented {100} Platinum Nanowires and Thin Films

Highly Porous and Preferentially Oriented {100} Platinum Nanowires and Thin Films

Electrodeposition of Nanostructured Chromium Conglomerates from Cr(III) Dissolved in a Deep Eutectic Solvent: Influence of Forced Convection

Multi-Response Optimization of Electrochemical Machining Parameters for Inconel 718 via RSM and MOGA-ANN

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