“…Other physical and chemical properties have been considered for studying properties, such as magnetism, resistance, thickness, and corrosion. Typically, the surface morphology and chemical composition of the nanostructures is observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM), transition electron microscope (TEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) [ 112 , 116 , 117 ]. The energy dispersive X-ray spectrum (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) are used to identify the structure and composition of the materials [ 118 , 119 , 120 ].…”